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Explore the key events leading to the American Revolution, including the Proclamation of 1763, Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Townshend Acts, Boston Massacre, and more. Understand colonial responses and the impact on future U.S. history.
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Proclamation of 1763 Sugar Act Stamp Act Causes for American Revolution Townshend Act Boston Massacre Boston Tea Party Intolerable Acts Standards Quiz
Proclamation of 1763 • The Proclamation of 1763, signed by King George III of England, prohibited any English settlement west of the Appalachianmountains. • It required those already settled in those regions to return east in an attempt to ease tensions with Native Americans.
Response of Proclamation of 1763 • Colonists resented not being able to settle west of the Proclamation line, especially in places like the Ohio Valley • With the French removed, they believed it was their right. • They didn’t believe the Indians had right to the lands
Sugar Act of 1764 • The Sugar Act was passed by Parliament to pay for the war debt brought on by the French and Indian War and to help pay for the expenses of running the colonies. • This act increased the duties (custom taxes) on imported sugar and other items such as textiles, coffee, wines and indigo (dye). A duty is a tax on goods
Stamp Act of 1765 • In March, the Stamp Act was passed by Parliament imposing the first direct tax on the American colonies, to offset the high costs of the British military in America. For the first time in the 150 years of the British colonies in America, the Americans will pay taxes not to their own local assemblies in America, but directly to England.
Stamp Act of 1764 • Under the Stamp Act, all printed materials were taxed, including: • newspapers • pamphlets • bills • legal documents • licenses • almanacs • dice and playing cards.
Response to the Stamp Act • The American colonists quickly united in opposition, led by the upper class of colonial society - lawyers, publishers, land owners, ship builders and merchants - who were most affected by the Act. • Sons of Liberty founded in Boston. Anti-English organization • Sam Adams • James Otis • Led Actions against tax collectors The Sons of Liberty protested the British Government
Stamp act • Stamp Act repealed in 1766 • Declaratory Act passed • Declaratory Act: Parliament can tax & make decisions for colonies in any and all cases Rallying Cry: “No Taxation without Representation”
Townshend Acts • In 1767, The English Parliament passed the Townshend Revenue Acts, imposing a new series of taxes on the colonists to pay for the costs of the American colonies. • Items taxed included imports such as paper, tea, glass, lead and paints. • The Act also established a colonial board of customs commissioners in Boston.
Tea Act • Placed a tax on American tea • Allowed British East India Company to monopolize tea sales. (The only tea Colonists could purchase) • Outraged colonists as their tea sellers lost sales & profit • Colonists boycotted tea as form of protest
Colonist ReactionTo the Townshend Acts • Boycotts and Petition • Non-importation (From England) agreements • Claim violation of rights – illegal searches • Protests • Action against tax collectors including tar and feathering some A boycott is a protest where people refuse to buy a product
Letters from a Farmer • The most famous response to the Townshend Acts was John Dickinson’s essays, “Letters from a Farmer,” which argued against taxing for the purpose of raising revenue.(Money or income)
To enforce the tax laws:The Quartering Act • England sends in the British army to enforce tax collection • They were “quartered” (meaning housed) in colonist homes • Colonist are forced to pay cost including feed the soldiers
Boston Massacre 1770 March 5th, 1770 The Boston Massacre occurred when a mob harassed British soldiers who then fired their muskets into the crowd, killing three instantly, mortally wounding two others and injuring six.
Boston massacre • Colonists throw snowballs & rocks at soldiers • Soldier knocked over; arises & fires gun • British soldiers respond by firing into crowd • Crispus Attucks first one killed
Boston massacre • Massacre ends w/ 5 dead • Fair trial held in Boston • Soldiers appointed lawyers as no one wanted to represent them • All soldiers acquitted of crime as colonists provoked them • Event used as form of propaganda to unify colonists
Paul Revere drew this famous picture of the Boston Massacre. He was a member of the “Sons of Liberty”
This is a more realistic picture of the Boston Massacre. Notice anything different?
Propaganda is information that misleads its audience Boston Massacre Response • Colonialist responded through propaganda and immediately capitalized on this incident, using it to fan colonial passions of seeing the British unjustly governing the colonies. • The Soldiers were put on trial and were defended by future U.S. President John Adams. Six of the soldiers were acquitted, while the other two were convicted of manslaughter and given reduced sentences.
The Son’s of Liberty used the Boston Massacre as Propaganda in their fight against the British Government. They used it to convince the American colonist that the British were cruel and had mismanaged the colonies.
Boston Massacre report • You were just assigned to cover the mayhem brewing in Boston. While out and about, you witness the Boston Massacre. Using your observation notes, compose a 1-2 page report describing what you observed. In your description, be sure to discuss the overall atmosphere of the day, the actual event, bystander reactions, etc.
