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Monitoring and management

Monitoring and management. Unit objectives Identify the stages of the Windows startup process Use Windows 2000 Professional and Windows XP utilities to monitor the operating system Troubleshoot operating system problems Manage the operating system. Topic A.

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Monitoring and management

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  1. Monitoring and management Unit objectives • Identify the stages of the Windows startup process • Use Windows 2000 Professional and Windows XP utilities to monitor the operating system • Troubleshoot operating system problems • Manage the operating system

  2. Topic A • Topic A: The Windows boot process • Topic B: System monitoring • Topic C: System troubleshooting • Topic D: System management

  3. Windows 2000/XP startup files • NTLDR • Boot.ini • Bootsect.dos • Ntdetect.com • Ntbootdd.sys • Ntoskrnl.exe • Hal.dll • System Registry hive • Smss.exe • continued

  4. 2000/XP startup files, continued • Pagefile.sys • Winlogon.exe • Lsass.exe

  5. The Registry • A hierarchical database • Created during Windows installation • Binary files hold system configuration information • Security settings • User profiles • Installed applications • Attached hardware • System properties • Files are called hives • continued

  6. The Registry, continued • Stored in the folder \%systemroot%\System32\Config • Windows 2000 Professional — C:\Winnt • Windows XP — C:\Windows

  7. Registry keys • Section of the Registry • Contains subkeys and values • Keys: • HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT • HKEY_CURRENT_USER • HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE • HKEY_USERS • HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG

  8. Startup process • ROM BIOS bootstrap process • Boot phase — using NTLDR • Load phase • Kernel-initialization phase • Services-load phase • Win32 subsystem start phase • User logon • Last Known Good control set created

  9. Activity A-1 Identifying phases in the startup process

  10. Activity A-2 Observing the Windows XP startup process

  11. Topic B • Topic A: The Windows boot process • Topic B: System monitoring • Topic C: System troubleshooting • Topic D: System management

  12. Windows Diagnostics • MSINFO32 • System Information dialog box • Hardware Resources • Components • Software Environment • Internet Settings • Can also use Start, Programs, Accessories, System Tools menu • Connect to a remote computer • Choose View, Remote Computer • Enter network name of the computer

  13. Activity B-1 Running Windows Diagnostics

  14. Task Manager • Information on running processes • Press Ctrl + Alt + Delete –or– Right-click an empty space in the taskbar and choose Task Manager • Three tabs • Application • Processes • Performance • Windows XP – two additional tabs • Networking • Users

  15. Task Manager in Windows XP

  16. Activity B-2 Observing Task Manager data

  17. Computer Management • Use to manage a local or a remote computer • Administrative tasks: • Monitor system events • Create and manage shared resources • Determine the users who are connected the computer you are managing • Start and stop system services • Set properties for storage devices • View device configurations • Add or change device drivers • Manage applications and services

  18. Event Viewer • Monitor events that occur on your system • Use to determine the cause of problems • Categories • Application • Security • System • Access through Administrative Tools or Computer Management console

  19. Event information • Type • Date • Time • Source • Category • Event • User • Computer

  20. Event types • Error • Warning • Information • Success Audit (Security Log only) • Failure Audit (Security Log only)

  21. Event properties

  22. Activity B-3 Viewing the event logs

  23. Error Reporting • Report system and program errors to Microsoft • Track and address errors with: • Operating system • Windows component • Programs • Can configure error reporting to send only specified information

  24. Error Reporting choices • Disable error reporting • Notify me when critical errors occur • Enable error reporting • Windows operating system • Programs • Choose Programs • Clicking the Choose Program button

  25. Activity B-4 Disabling Error Reporting

  26. Activity B-5 Enabling error reporting for specific programs

  27. Topic C • Topic A: The Windows boot process • Topic B: System monitoring • Topic C: System troubleshooting • Topic D: System management

  28. Startup messages • Computer boots successfully but reports an error message when loading the operating system • Messages: • Error in CONFIG.SYS line ## • Himem.sys not loaded • Missing or corrupt Himem.sys • Device/service has failed to start

  29. Boot messages • Computer doesn’t boot successfully; never gets to the operating-system load phase • Messages: • Invalid boot or non-system disk error • Inaccessible boot device • Missing NTLDR or Couldn’t find NTLDR • Bad or missing Command interpreter

  30. Operating-system load errors • Computer successfully boots, but operating system interface doesn’t load properly • Messages: • Failure to start GUI • Windows Protection Error—illegal operation • User-modified settings cause improper operation at startup

  31. Activity C-1 Interpreting boot and startup messages

  32. Startup modes • Use to diagnose and fix problems • Press F8 after you hear your computer’s startup beep • Modes: • Safe mode • Safe mode with networking • Safe mode with command prompt • Enable boot logging • Enable VGA mode • Last Known Good Configuration • continued

  33. Startup modes, continued • Modes, continued: • Debugging mode • Start Windows normally

  34. Activity C-2 Booting the computer in differentstartup modes

  35. Dr. Watson • Use to log errors • user.dmp and drwtsn32.log files • \Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\Microsoft\Dr Watson folder • Copy into the Windows Startup folder

  36. Activity C-3 Managing general protection faults

  37. System Configuration Utility • Msconfig • Use to view, disable, and enable services and software that run at startup • Quickly test solutions to startup problems • Click Start, choose Run, type msconfig, and click OK

  38. Services page

  39. Startup modes • On the General tab: • Normal Startup • Diagnostic Startup • Selective Startup

  40. Activity C-4 Using the System Configuration Utility

  41. System Restore • Creates snapshots of your computer’s configuration • Three types of snapshots: • System checkpoints • Manual restore points • Installation restore points • Use to restore your computer to a previous configuration

  42. System Restore in Windows XP

  43. Activity C-5 Creating a system restore point

  44. Activity C-6 Booting to System Restore

  45. Emergency Repair Disks • Contains basic system configuration files • Use to restore your computer to a bootable state if: • Registry is damaged • NTFS partition isn’t successfully booting • %systemroot%\Repair folder • Not bootable; use with the Windows installation CD-ROM • continued

  46. Emergency Repair Disks, continued • Use to: • Inspect and repair the boot sector • Inspect and repair the startup environment • Verify Windows 2000/XP system files and replace missing or damaged files • Update ERD whenever you make configuration changes to computer • Not a substitute for a full Registry backup • ASR in Windows XP

  47. Windows 2000 ERD • Autoexec.nt • Config.nt • Setup.log • No Registry information

  48. Automated System Recovery • Creates a backup of your system partition and a floppy disk containing critical system settings • Recover from a system failure caused by problems with the system/boot volume • Not available in Home Edition or Media Center

  49. ASR tasks • Restores the disk configurations • Formats your system and boot volumes • Installs a bare-bones version of Windows • Runs Backup to rebuild your system and boot volumes from your ASR backup set

  50. Activity C-7 Creating an ASR recovery set

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