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Determination of Sex. using the skull. Is the upper edge of the eye orbit ‘rounded’ or ‘sharp’?. Page 7, steps 1 & 2. Check the edge with your finger. Figure 13 number 13. Figure 14 number 15. Zygomatic process. Page 7, step 3. Figure 14 number 16. Page 7, step 3.
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Determination of Sex using the skull Is the upper edge of the eye orbit ‘rounded’ or ‘sharp’? Page 7, steps 1 & 2 Check the edge with your finger Figure 13 number 13
Figure 14number15 Zygomatic process Page 7, step 3
Figure 14 number 16 Page 7, step 3 External auditory meatus
Nuchal Crest Smooth – female Bumpy - male Page 7, step 4 Figure 15 number 18
Figure 15 number 19 Page 7 number 5 External occipital bone with protuberance
External occipital protuberance Page 7, step 5 Figure 15 number 19
Frontal lobe – Low slanting or rounded & globular? Page 7 number 6 Figure 14 number 20
Male and Female Notice the slope of frontal bone is more pronounced on the male skull (Figure 10) than the female skull (Figure 12). Page 7, step 6
Mandible - lower jaw Page 7 number 7 Figure 14 number 22
Figure 15 number 21 Mandible – inferior view U or V shaped? Page 7, step 7
Page 8, step 8 Figure 14, number 22 Ramus of mandible
Angle of the jaw Figure 14 number 16 number 22 Page 8, step 8 Is the jaw slanting away from the upright or straight?
Race determinationusing measurements Page 8, step 1
Figure 13 number 24 Page 8, number 1 Naison – bridge of nose
Figure 13 number 23 Measuring nasal width from insidenasal cavity Page 8, step 1
Nasal Height-naison to nasal spine measured with caliper. Page 8, step 1 Figure 13 number 24 Figure 13 number 25
Nasal Index Ratio: Width/ Height
Three racesFigures 22, 23, 24 Caucasoid Negroid Mongoloid
Nasal spine Figure 14 number 25 Nasal Cavity Figure 13 number 23 Figure 13 number 27 maxilla Page 8, step 3
Nasal Cavity Silling? Guttering? Smooth? Page 8, step 4 Figure 13 numbers 25 & 26
Frankfort position Eye socket parallel to ground Page 8, section 5
Variations of Prognathism: Figures 17,19,21 Page 8, step 5
Shape of orbits Eye orbits or Figure 13, number 13 Page 8, step 6
Male or female skull? Notice the slope of the frontal bone. Angle of the jaw? What race? What do you think?
Some Criteria for Racial Determination from the Human Skull CAUCASOIDNEGROIDMONGOLOID Cheek bones receding ------- broad, wide outwardly sloping Nasal opening narrow & high wide & low narrow & high Nasal spine strong small ------- Criteria taken from Skinner, M and R.A. Lazenby 1983 Found! Human Remains, A Field Manual for the Recovery of the Recent Human Skeleton. Archaeology Press, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C.
Prognathism CaucasoidNegroidMongoloid Little or none Prognathism Little or none Moderate nasal spine No nasal spine Moderate n.s. Overbite & dental crowding Less overbite
Criteria for Racial Determination from the Human Skull CAUCASOIDNEGROIDMONGOLOID Shape:Rugged & oval Smooth & oval Smooth & rounded Cranial Vault Length long long long Cranial Vault Breadth narrow narrow broad Height high low middle Forehead sloping steep ------ Face: Breadth narrow narrow very wide Height high low high Profile straight prognathic middle Brow "beetling“ smooth ------- Orbit (Eye Sockets) triangular rectangular rounded Criteria taken from Skinner, M and R.A. Lazenby 1983 Found! Human Remains, A Field Manual for the Recovery of the Recent Human Skeleton. Archaeology Press, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C.
