Presentation Transcript

1. ACWUA 2nd International Conference and ExhibitionNew Prospects and Challenges for the Water Sector in the Arab RegionJanuary 27 - 29, 2013Amman, Jordan “Engineering Projects in the Water Sector: a Low Carbon Development Perspective” Jihad Abu Jamous / Shada El-Sharif – ArabtechJardaneh Theme 3: Water Science for Policy and Governance Beyond MDGs: Water Resources and the Green Economy Paradigm

2. Climate Change? Engineering?

   “Climate change is a complex problem, which, although environmental in nature, has consequences for all spheres of existence on our planet. It either impacts on-- or is impacted by-- global issues, including poverty, economic development, population growth, sustainable development and resource management. It is not surprising, then, that solutions come from all disciplines and fields of research and development” , United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change (UNFCCC)

3. Outline

   Trends in Low Carbon Development (Global, Regional) Green Economy & the Water Sector: Jordanian perspective New drivers for engineering projects NAMAs as a CC Project Framework Evolving Team Structures Case study: Jordan NAMA project Opportunities for the water sector

4. Climate change & Global Milestones: RIO – June 2012

   RIO + 20 UN Conference on Sustainable Development. Key themes: Green Economy, Sustainable Development, Poverty Eradication, Institutional Frameworks Biggest UN Conference ever held, over 188 counties and 100 heads of state represented More than $513 billion in commitments for SD in energy, transport, green economy, disaster reduction, desertification, water, forests and agriculture 692 voluntary commitments for SD by governments, businesses, NGOs and academia

5. RIO – June 2012

   “We emphasize that green economy should contribute to eradicating poverty as well as sustained economic growth, enhancing social inclusion, improving human welfare and creating opportunities for employment and decent work for all, while maintaining the healthy functioning of the Earth’s ecosystems” Draft Resolution – RIO+20
6. CC & Recent Global Milestones: COP 18 Doha- Dec. 2012 Keeps the Kyoto Protocol alive Launches a new commitment period (only countries who commit can use CDM/JI process) Reviews the commitment in 2014 Establishes a timetable and milestone for 2015 Agreement Continuous the efforts to raise the level of ambition to close the mitigation gap (more global commitment needed for GHG reduction)
7. CC & Recent Global Milestones: COP 18 Doha- Dec. 2012 Long term financing: Fast Start Financing to reach US$100bn by 2020 $8.5bn in new financing pledged (UK, Germany, France, Denmark, Sweden and EU Commission) Green Climate Fund (GCF): Confirming Songdo, South Korea, to host GCF
8. CC: Other Milestones Copenhagen Accord: endorsed by 141 parties (2009), but not binding Key elements formalized as UN decision in 2010 Cancun Agreements Cancun Agreements: CC as global challenge, global warming should not exceed 2oC; Low Emissions Development Strategy (LEDS); Adaptation Framework
9. Regional Context International organizations active in CC initiatives in MENA: European Neighbourhood Partnership Instrument(ENPI); Clima South (knowledge sharing, capacity building, policy) EU-UNDP Low Emission Capacity Building Program (LECBP) Mediterranean Strategy for Sustainable Development (UNEP/MAP) UNEP-Sustainable Buildings and Construction Initiative (SBCI) – FIDIC AFED Green Economy Report for the Arab World - 2011 Arab Sustainability Leadership Group (ASLG) – Queen Rania Initiative World Future energy Summit 2013 (annual) - Masdar Growing number of policies / strategies by countries of the region (e.g. National Energy Efficiency Action Plans)
10. Jordan Context: the opportunities Adaptation frameworks (health, water, energy, agriculture, education) UN and line ministries Mitigation actions (Kyoto, GHG reporting, active MoE, CDM, preliminary NAMA list) NEEDs: proposed financing for adaptation projects in water sector & other mitigation projects Strong technical capabilities (> 100,000 engineers, 1:83) Green Economy Study; RE and EE Law; new building and plumbing codes; W/E strategy Organizations with a “green” agenda: the Jordan Green Building Council, Jordan Engineers Association, A/E Business Council, Royal Scientific Society, ministries Numerous donor funded programs (EU, USAID, AFD, WB, KfW, GIZ ...etc) Samra STP: case study for smart energy concept / CDM potential / successful PPP
11. Evolving Project Considerations Climate Change Adaptation driven projects: Coastal engineering (sea level rise) Watershed management / flood assessments (flood risk) Water resource management (changing T, R) Emergency response systems (natural disasters) Healthcare facilities (health risks) Sustainable design in building and infrastructure (adaptation to dwindling resources) Water demand management / new supplies, water loss reduction, wastewater reuse (e.g. Jordan water strategy) Most vulnerable countries (ME: water scarcity, climate-sensitive agriculture, coastal populations, conflicts)
12. Evolving Project Considerations Climate Change Mitigation driven projects: Energy efficient design (reduce fossil fuel consumption / GHG emissions) Renewable energy projects (clean energy: solar, wind, biomass)  e.g. Samra biogas/hydropower aspects Sustainable infrastructure (public transportation, energy efficient water pumping) Landfill gas capture and energy production Agriculture and forests Carbon Storage and Sequestration Fuel switch projects
13. The Overlap: National priorities / CC context
14. NAMAs: as cc project context Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions: Originated from the Bali Action Plan in 2007, supported in COP17 2011 Nationally appropriate mitigation actions by developing country parties in the context of SD, supported and enabled by technology, financing and capacity building in a measureable, reportable and verifiable manner (MRV) NAMA Registry Flexible concept, can be laws , policies, projects  countries can lead in shaping them
15. NAMA Major Objectives Source: NAMA project Consultant team
16. Case Study: Jordan NAMA Jordan among the first countries globally to submit a preliminary list of NAMAs to UNFCCC secretariat GoJ requested technical and financial assistance in further developing and prioritizing its NAMAs World Bank / PPIAF funded technical assistance project Long list of NAMAs  short list Focus on key infrastructure sectors (water, waste, energy transport) Potential for private sector participation (PSP) Green House Gas reduction potential Alignment with national priories Scalability / relplicability in Jordan and the region Climate finance potential Pre-feasibility for pilot NAMA
17. Jordan Context: the challenges 6.5 million growing population (transient populations) Resource poor / developing economy: Water scarcity Frail state of energy security Weak public transportation system Overstretched waste management systems (strategy needed) Rising utility prices
18. Project Key Players
19. Evolving Team Structures
20. Key project components
21. Jordan NAMA: Project Landscape Source: NAMA project Consultant team
22. IWWTP Design Approach: Pilot NAMA Context Water conservation / wwreuse Energy efficiency / minimize GHG emissions Environmental protection and social considerations Minimize sludge and maximize biogas Revenue streams (water and energy sales) Public and private sector interests Climate finance potential Sound technical design: 4 waste streams corresponding to effluent types, three stage treatment more adaptable Finance mix: industries, banks, public (land), carbon finance Regulatory / policy framework
23. Typical IWWTP Design Approach Typically led by the public sector Technical approach: mix different wastes in single process Minimal treatment standard (reuse not always considered) Sludge disposal Business potential / private sector participation not explored Minimal environmental compliance Social / climate change adaptation / mitigation rarely considered More technically focussed; minimal consideration for issues of climate change, economy, private sector participation
24. Evolving Project Considerations WW Collection fees Potential private sector stakeholders Environmental and social value Sales of TSE Compost sales Energy sales (biogas) Biodiesel? Environmental and social value Project company / investment opportunity Technical / Economic considerations of treatment process Capture resources (biogas, sludge, heat) Policy and legal framework (PPPs, water & environmental laws, wastewater standards) Climate finance potential (CDM, GCF, Env Fund – policy/ project level) Public private interface (strong national procurement: output based / SD considered) Framework for replicability Feasibility
25. Barriers and Opportunities for Consulting Engineers
26. Opportunities for the water sector Utilities and water companies can make use of growing international support for “green projects” in developing partnerships and accessing additional sources of finance FIDIC defines Sustainable Infrastructure as that which is able to “deliver its service over its lifetime, efficiently and reliably, and it needs to be adaptable and resilient to change and shock” Projects that consider sustainability from inception  end of life: Minimal reliance on non-renewable resources Maximum benefit to the environment and society Achieve economic prosperity Ensure stakeholder buy-in Have a long useful life
27. recommendations Capacity building for the public and private sector on global / regional climate change developments and implications on emerging engineering project frameworks (focus on water sector) Facilitate cross-cultural/ regional collaboration and networking (CC and Water are cross-border issues) Climate change driven projects are complex and have country / region – specific considerations  innovations are needed. Approaches like NAMAs are great opportunities for innovation and finding “appropriate” solutions for each context