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The Pancreas

The Pancreas. The Pancreas. By: Dana Fatterusso & Susie Papakanakis. By: Dana Fatterusso Susie Papakanakis. What is the Pancreas?.

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The Pancreas

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  1. The Pancreas The Pancreas By: Dana Fatterusso & Susie Papakanakis By: Dana Fatterusso Susie Papakanakis

  2. What is the Pancreas? • The pancreas is an organ that lies within the abdominopelvic cavity between the stomach and small intestine. Secretes digestive enzymes and hormones that control blood sugar levels. • It has two functions: • Endocrine • - Secretes insulin and glucagons into the bloodstream • Exocrine • - Includes the acinar and epithelial cells which line the pancreas ducts.

  3. PhysicalCharacteristics • Slender • Pail (Pinkish Gray) • Lumpy Consistency • About 15cm in length • Has a head, body, and tail • The head is closest to the duodenum (first part of small intestines) • The body and tail are reaching toward the spleen

  4. Hormones of the Pancreas • Beta Cells • Beta Cells have channels in their plasma membrane that serve as glucose detectors. They secrete insulin in response to a rising level of circulating glucose. • Alpha Cells • Alpha Cells secrete glucagon. • Delta Cells • Delta Cells secrete somatostatin. • Gamma Cells • Gamma Cells secrete a pancreatic polypeptide, which reduces appetite.

  5. Molecular Description Exocrine Tissue Endocrine Tissue

  6. Organs That Interact With the Pancreas Liver Insulin and glucagon secreted by the enzymes in the pancreas are released into the bloodstream. It lowers the blood sugar level and increases the amount of stored carbohydrates in the liver. Stomach The pancreas helps neutralize chyme and break down proteins, fat and starch. Chyme is passed from the stomach to the duodenum. If the pancreas is not working properly in neutralizing and breaking these substances down, the body is prone to starvation. Small Intestines The pancreas secretes secretin which causes bicarbonate to be released into the small intestines. This happens in order to neutralize the harmful acid coming from the stomach into the pancreas. The enzymes secreted by the pancreas for the small intestines enter the small intestines via the pancreatic duct.

  7. Diseases of the Pancreas: Pancreatitis • Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas caused by gallstones or alcohol abuse. • This disease can also be caused by injury, infection, or certain medications. • The treatment for pancreatitis is pain medication and fluids inserted through the veins. This treatment is continued until swelling and pain go away.

  8. More Diseases Diabetes (two types) • The body’s immune system attacks and destroys the pancreas’ insulin-producing cells (beta cells). Without insulin to move glucose into cells, blood glucose levels become excessively high, a condition known as hyperglycemia. Since the body cannot utilize the sugar, it coverts into urine and is lost. • Weakness, weight loss, and excessive hunger and thirst are many of the consequences. Lifelong insulin injections are required to control blood sugar. • The pancreas loses the ability to appropriately produce and release insulin. The body also becomes resistant to insulin, and blood sugar rises.Eventually, the cycle of elevated glucose further impairs and possibly destroys beta cells, thereby stopping insulin production completely and causing full-blown diabetes.

  9. More Diseases? Islet Cell Tumor • The hormone-producing cells of the pancreas multiply abnormally, creating a benign or cancerous tumor.   • These tumors produce excess amounts of hormones and then release them into the blood. • Gastrinomas, glucagonomas, and insulinomas are examples of islet cell tumors.

  10. Websites • http://www.sciencephoto.com/images/showFullWatermarked.html/P540097-Human_Pancreas-SPL.jpg?id=805400097 • http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/pancreas/histo_endo.html • http://www.sciencephoto.com/images/download_lo_res.html?id=805400059 • http://carondelet.net/Cancer/Pancreas/Pancrease.jpg • http://odlarmed.com/?p=815 • http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/picture-of-the-pancreas • http://www.healthcentral.com/common/images/1/17194_10458_5.jpg • http://listverse.files.wordpress.com/2007/10/diabetes-type2.jpg • http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/type-1-diabetes/print.html • http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4743 • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreas

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