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Pancreas

Pancreas. Blood Sugar Regulation. Pancreas. Has both exocrine and endocrine functions Endocrine : secretes insulin and glucagon into the blood to control sugar levels Exocrine : secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine through ducts. Pancreas.

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Pancreas

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  1. Pancreas • Blood Sugar Regulation

  2. Pancreas • Has both exocrine and endocrine functions • Endocrine: secretes insulin and glucagon into the blood to control sugar levels • Exocrine: secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine through ducts.

  3. Pancreas • Islets of Langerhans(region in pancreas) • Contains 2 different types of cells β – Beta cells • α – Alpha cells

  4. β – Beta cells • - produce insulin. • -Insulin is released as a result of an increase in glucose levels • -promotes the conversion of glucose into glycogen (liver) and cellular glucose absorption

  5. α – Alpha cells • - produce glucagon. • - Glucagon is released as a result of a decrease in glucose levels • - promotes the conversion of glycogen into glucose (liver)

  6. Feedback Loop

  7. Diabetes Mellitus • Diabetes mellitus (sugar diabetes): inadequate insulin levels - Low insulin causes too much sugar in the blood (Hyperglycaemia) Short term effects : • High urine volume • Increased thirst • Fatigue

  8. Long Term Effects • eye, kidney, heart problems • trouble with ulcers and feeling in your extremities • glucose in urine • acetone breath

  9. Diabetes Mellitus Types • Type 1 (juvenile) diabetes • treated by insulin replacement • Type 2 (adult) diabetes • controlled by diet or oral drugs (reduce or spread out sugar) • Gestational diabetes • can develop during the late stages of pregnancy.

  10. Treatments - Diet - Insulin injections - Insulin pumps - Islet cell transplants

  11. 6. Pancreas con’t The Pump

  12. Hypoglycemia • low blood sugar • Can be caused by: • Too much insulin, exercise, alcohol, or heat. • Too little food. Short Term Effects: • Fatigue Long Term Effects: • unconsciousness • coma

  13. Treatments • Immediate: • Drink sugary drinks or foods • Long Term: • Frequent meals or snacks.

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