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Extrasolar Giant Planet Theory and Atmospheres

Dive into the evolving synthesis of planetary science and astronomy theories focusing on the modeling of extrasolar giant planets (EGPs). Discover the theories behind the evolution, spectra, and colors of substellar-mass objects and detailed atmospheric chemistry, as well as predictions supporting ground-based and space-based direct detection programs. Explore the remote sensing techniques and scientific themes of physics, atmospheres, chemistry, structure, spectra, composition, clouds, evolution, and general properties of EGPs. Delve into the orbital properties of EGPs, the complex behaviors of cloud models, and the intricate albedo variations influenced by metallicity among other factors.

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Extrasolar Giant Planet Theory and Atmospheres

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  1. Extrasolar Giant Planet Theory and Atmospheres An Emerging Synthesis of Planetary Science and Astronomy

  2. Theory Programfor Modeling EGPs • Evolution, Spectra, and Colors of isolated and irradiated substellar-mass objects (SMOs) and planetary structure studies • Theory of T and L dwarfs • Atmospheric Chemistry and Abundances: Molecules and atoms • Reflection Spectra and Albedos of EGPs • Cloud modeling (silicates, Fe, H2O, NH3) • Transit, eclipse, and secondary eclipse studies • Evolution of Jupiter and Saturn • Opacity and molecular spectrum calculations (Quantum chemistry) • Ab-initio calculations for Na-D, K I, FeH, CrH, TiH … • Predictions in support of ground-based and space-based programs of direct extrasolar planet detection • Radiative transfer techniques • (Collaborators: Burrows, Hubbard, Hubeny, Sudarsky, Sharp, Milsom, Lunine, Li, Fortney, Cooper, Volobuyev)

  3. The Evolution and Measurement of EGPs: Remote Sensing of Extrasolar Planets

  4. Theory of EGPs • Scientific Themes: Physics, Atmospheres, Chemistry, Structure, Spectra, Composition, Clouds, Evolution, Remote Sensing • General EGP properties • Transit Theory • Irradiated EGPs and Direct Detection

  5. Burrows, Sudarsky, and Lunine 2003

  6. JWST

  7. Orbits from 0.02 AU to ~5 AU Orbital eccentricities can be very high (0 to ~0.8) Periods from 1.2 days Masses from below Saturn’s mass to >10 MJ Many multi-EGP systems 4 “Neptunes” discovered 7 transiting EGPs Secondary eclipses seen in two Correlation with metallicity Found around M, K, G, and F stars Stellar irradiation effects (on spectra and radii) Migration in protostellar disks in first millions of years Planetary Winds and mass loss (evaporation?) Jet Streams and Day/night contrasts for close-in EGPs Complicated Albedo behavior with orbital distance Planetary Phases and extreme light curves Ammonia, Water, and silicate clouds (variation during orbit!) General circulation models (GCMs) needed Extrasolar Giant Planet Exotica

  8. Orbital Properties of a Few Extrasolar Giant Planets

  9. Colors:Metallicity

  10. (T. Guillot)

  11. 51 Peg b, 1995: R vs. M vs. composition (H, He, H2O, silicates …) Zapolsky and Salpeter 1969 Guillot, Burrows et al. 1996

  12. 1.0 Mj Tidal Hayashi Forbidden Zone 51 Peg b Olivine

  13. Giant Planet Transits and Phase Curves

  14. Transit Radius vs. Planet Mass

  15. Transit by HD209458b Charbonneau, Brown et al. 2001, 2002, 2003

  16. HD209458b OGLE-TR-56b Burrows et al. 2004

  17. Burrows, Sudarsky, and Hubbard 2003

  18. Fortney et al. 2003

  19. HD209458b: Na detection: Charbonneau et al. 2003

  20. Lyman Alpha: Vidal-Madjar et al. 2003; 15%! ~4.3 Rj: Planetary Wind! 15% dip! cf. Burrows & Lunine (1995)

  21. Irradiated EGPs vs. Angular Separation Burrows 2005; Sudarsky, Burrows, and Hubeny 2003

  22. Burrows, Sudarsky, and Hubeny 2004

  23. Geometric Albedos

  24. (T. Guillot)

  25. Sudarsky, Burrows 2000

  26. Effectsof Clouds

  27. Phase Function at 0.55 microns vs. Orbital Distance

  28. Eccentricity and Peak Shift

  29. Phase Dependence of the EGP’s Color

  30. Giant Planet Transits and Secondary Eclipses

  31. Spitzer ? MOST?

  32. Spitzer ST:

  33. Burrows, Hubeny, & Sudarsky 2005, Ap.J. Letters, in press. Secondary Eclipses of Transiting EGPs Data: Deming et al. 2005; Charbonneau et al. 2005

  34. CO,H2O,and CH4Opacities

  35. Precision Radial Velocity Precision photometry ? Transit searches (many) Interferometry (LBT, VLTI, Keck, PTI): Imaging (Fizeau) and Astrometry (Michelson) Extreme Adaptive Optics Microlensing Spectral Separation Differential imaging Antarctica (30-m, 100-m?) HST astrometry ? NICMOS upgrade ? Spitzer (IRAC, IRS, MIPS) JWST (MIRI, NIRCam) SIM/GAIA Eclipse (coronagraph)? Kepler/COROT MOST, MONS TPF-C; TPF-I/Darwin Planet Finder/Life Finder Future of Direct Detection of Extrasolar Planets From the Ground: From Space:

  36. Planet/Star Contrast: Theory (dashed) versus Capability Red: H band (1.6 microns); Purple: Mid-IR;Green: Optical

  37. 2020 2004 2008 2016 2000 2012 Schedule (M.Perryman) COROT Kepler Gaia Amex SIM TPF/Darwin precursor? TPF/Darwin Very large telescopes (GMT,TMT,OWL) Very large space arrays

  38. Second Generation Visions First Generation NASA’s Origins development (as summarized by M. Perryman)

  39. SIM:

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