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Civil Rights

Civil Rights. Let’s think back…. Civil War Fought because … Reconstruction Put in place after the Civil War to remove slavery from the south. Ended in 1877 Discrimination Even though … Jim Crow Laws

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Civil Rights

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  1. Civil Rights

  2. Let’s think back… • Civil War • Fought because … • Reconstruction • Put in place after the Civil War to remove slavery from the south. Ended in 1877 • Discrimination • Even though … • Jim Crow Laws • Legal segregation that further degraded African Americans. Laws required the separation of blacks and whites in schools, parks, public buildings, hospitals, and transportation systems

  3. Emancipation Proclamation The Civil War was fought over the acceptance of slavery between the Union (North) and Confederates (South) in the United States. On January 1, 1863, President Lincoln declared that all persons held as slaves in Confederate states should be freed with the Emancipation Proclamation.

  4. The reconstruction era after the Civil War instituted three new amendments in the Constitution for former slaves: citizenship, the right for due process, and the right to vote. Many of the northerners were afraid that these efforts were not enough and programs for education and business ownership needed to be implemented.

  5. Plessy vs. Ferguson, 1896 • Supreme Court case that upheld the “separate-but-equal” doctrine of Jim Crow Laws. • Law was hard to enforce. • African American schools and other facilities were rarely if ever made equal.

  6. Plessy vs. Ferguson Clip

  7. Jackie Robinson • First baseball player to play in a “white league” • Despite many situations of prejudice against him, Jackie behaved with dignity and played well. • Named Rookie of the Year in 1947 • Voted MVP in 1949 • Fostered pride in African Americans around the country.

  8. Video Clip Jackie Robinson

  9. 1. Why did Branch Rickey, the general manager of the Brooklyn Dodgers choose Jackie Robinson to break, the color line in baseball? • Robinson had a record of standing up against racial injustice

  10. 2. In 1954 what did the supreme Court rule in Brown v. Board of Education? • Segregation in public schools no longer would be allowed

  11. Brown vs. Board of Ed

  12. Rosa Parks Clip

  13. 3. What role did Rosa Parks play in the struggle for equal right? • She refused to move to the back of the bus was arrested for violating the segregation laws of Montgomery, Alabama.

  14. In Response. . . • For over a year, Blacks boycotted the buses. • They carpooled and walked through all weather conditions

  15. Many were arrested for an “illegal boycott” including their leader. . .

  16. 4. Who became the spokesperson for the Montgomery bus boycott? • Martin Luther King Jr.

  17. While the NAACP fought in the courts, MLK’s organization led the boycott. http://www.africanaonline.com/Graphic/rosa_parks_bus.gif

  18. King’s sacrifice • King was arrested thirty times in his 38 year life. • His house was bombed or nearly bombed several times • Death threats constantly

  19. Success!

  20. Montgomery Bus Boycott

  21. School Integration • The attitude of many schools after the 1954 Brown decision was like: Come Make Me!

  22. Delayed Action

  23. 5. Why did President Eisenhower send the Arkansas National Guard to Little Rock? • To enforce the desegregation of schools at Little Rock High school

  24. Federalism • When Federal troops are sent to make states follow federal laws, this struggle for power is called federalism. • The Civil Rights Movement was mostly getting the federal government to make state governments to follow federal law.

  25. In 1957, Governor of Little Rock, Arkansas declared that he would not enforce integration in the schools. Posted Arkansas National Guard troops at the door of the high school and turned away nine African American students who tried to attend. Little Rock 9

  26. Little Rock, Arkansas 1957

  27. Little Rock 9 • President Eisenhower responded by placing the National Guard troops under his command. • The troops escorted the students in to the schools to keep them physically safe. • Troops were not allowed to interact with students, though, and students within the high school openly threatened, mocked, and verbally attacked the Little Rock 9.

  28. Little Rock 9 Clip

  29. 6. How did Mexican Americans and Native Americans assert their rights in the 1950s? • Mexican Americans began peaceful protests for equal rights • Native Americans also fought for better treatment from the federal gov’t • BOTH WANTED EQUALITY

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