Chapter 13: The Renaissance

1. Chapter 13: The Renaissance

2. Lesson 1 Origins of the Renaissance Essential Question: What effect did the reopening of the Silk Roads have on Europe?

3. European Society Changes • The Rise of Nations • England, France became nations 1100-1200s; replaced small kingdoms • Monarchs gained power and ruled over the nation; replaced feudalism • lords and landowners lost most of their power

4. End of Medieval Institutions • Plague of 1300s depleted serf population; feudal system weakened • Chivalry ended with Hundred Years War between France, England • longbow made knights and hand-to-hand combat useless, outdated

5. The Silk Roads Reopen • Feudalism and warfare declined; traders felt safer traveling further • Revival of trade helped European cities,merchant class grow

6. Silk Roads—ancient trade route connecting Europe and China • Mongols brought security to region; trade along route grew in 1200s

7. Marco Polo • In 1271, Italian trader Marco Polo began journey along Silk Roads • Reached China, returned to Italy 24 years later • Polo’s tales, success encouraged commerce between Europe and Asia

8. The Adventures of Marco Polo

10. BOOK SECOND. PART I.CHAPTER X. CONCERNING THE PALACE OF THE GREAT KAAN • You must know that it is the greatest palace that ever was. … The roof is very lofty, and the walls of the Palace are all covered with gold and silver. They are also adorned with representations of dragons [sculptured and gilt], beasts and birds, knights and idols, and sundry other subjects. And on the ceiling too you see nothing but gold and silver and painting. [On each of the four sides there is a great marble staircase leading to the top of the marble wall, and forming the approach to the palace.]

11. The Hall of the Palace is so large that it could easily dine 6000 people; and it is quite a marvel to see how many rooms there are besides. The building is altogether so vast, so rich, and so beautiful, that no man on earth could design anything superior to it. …

12. DESCRIPTION OF THE GREAT CITY OF KINSAY, WHICH IS THE CAPITAL OF THE WHOLE COUNTRY OF MANZI4 • Inside the city there is a Lake which has a compass of some 30 miles: and all around it are erected beautiful palaces and mansions, of the riches and most exquisite structures that you can imagine, belonging to the nobles of the city. There are also on its shores many abbeys and churches of the Idolaters. In the middle of the Lake are two Islands, on each of which stands a rich, beautiful and spacious edifice, furnished in such style as to seem fit for the palace of an Emperor. And when any one of the citizens desired to hold a marriage feast, or to give any other entertainment, it used to be done at one of these palaces. And everything would be found there ready to order, such as silver plate, trenchers, and dishes [napkins and table‑cloths], and whatever else was needful. The King made this provision for the gratification of his people, and the place was open to every one who desired to give an entertainment. [Sometimes there would be at these palaces an hundred different parties; some holding a banquet, others celebrating a wedding; and yet all would find good accommodation in the different apartments and pavilions, and that in so well ordered a manner that one party was never in the way of another.]

13. The Song period (960-1276) was a time of economic growth, population growth, and urbanization. Song cities, centers of government and commerce, were among the largest cities of the world. The document excerpted below, by an unknown author, describes the Southern Song capital of Hangzhou — a city of between seven and eight square miles — in 1235.

14. Markets • During the morning hours, markets extend from Tranquility Gate of the palace all the way out to the north and south sides of the New Boulevard. Here we find pearl, jade, talismans, exotic plants and fruits, seasonal catches from the sea, wild game — all the rarities of the world seem to be gathered here.

15. New Ways of Thinking Essential Question: Describe Humanism and its affect on Europe.

16. Revival of Classical Learning • Education declined during Middle Ages; instability disrupted learning • Greater stability, trade reignited desire for knowledge by 1200s • scholars revived Greek, Roman classical ideas and texts

17. The Growth of Humanism • Humanism—focus on human beings and their potential for achievement. Goal to create well-rounded people through study of classical subjects • Italian poet Petrarch led early movement; restored many ancient texts

18. Humanist Thought • Humanism stressed the importance of the individual • differed from medieval thinking; royalty, church most important

19. Humanist Thought • Stressed balance of intellect, religion over blind faith in Church • people could enjoy life and still be good Christians

20. A New Age of Creativity • Humanism inspired creativity, exploration, experimentation • Led to creative movement that would reach much of Europe

21. The Renaissance Begins in Italy Describe the factors that helped make Italy the birthplace of the Renaissance?

22. The Renaissance Begins • Renaissance—movement of great creativity in art, writing, thought. Means rebirth. • began in Italy and spread throughout Europe; lasted 1300 to 1600

23. Growth of Independent Trading Cities • Italy was center of Roman Empire; artists knew classical period well • Many trade routes passed through north Italy; urban centers grew • Florence, Venice, Milan became centers for exchange of goods, ideas

24. Florence Shines • Banking, clothing industries brought great wealth to Florence • one of Europe’s largest cities by early 1300s; population 120,000

25. Florence Shines • Many artists, writers settled in Florence • patrons—financial supporters of artists • the Medici banking family ruled Florence, supported arts

26. Advances in the Arts In what areas did Renaissance figures make notable achievements?

27. New Techniques • Renaissance writers, painters experimented with new techniques, styles • sought more realism; abandoned two-dimensional styleof medieval art

28. Perspective—art technique that produced three-dimensional appearance

29. Leading Figures • Leonardo da Vinci—born in 1452 near Florence; painter, inventor, scholar • created masterpieces such asThe Last Supper, Mona Lisa

30. Leading Figures • Michelangelo—born in 1475 in Italy; sculptor and painter • Moses, David, Sistine Chapel ceiling are some of his greatest works

31. Leading Figures • Italian painter Raphael studied the works of da Vinci and others • The School of Athenswas one of his most famous masterpieces

32. Other Influential Artists • Titian, used bright colors, broad strokes; painted Crowning with Thorns • Sandro Botticelli’s style marked by delicate colors, flowing lines • paintings were poetic, not as realistic as other Renaissance artists

33. Architecture and Engineering • Filippo Brunelleschi was influential Renaissance architect • designed large domes for churches; including the Duomo • created techniques for raising construction materials onto buildings

34. Renaissance Writers • Renaissance writers focused on portraying real life • Dante Alighieri wrote nonfiction, poetry in Italian instead of Latin

35. Cervantes • Cervantes was influential Spanish writer; greatest work is Don Quixote • novel tells story of landowner who imagines he is a knight

36. Machiavelli • Machiavelli published The Princein 1513; realistic view of politics

37. Renaissance for the Rich • Renaissance= upper class • Renaissance was largely an upper class movement • Majority of Italians during the Renaissance were middle class or poor

38. The Renaissance Spreads What was the greatest achievement of the Renaissance? Justify your answer with evidence.

39. The Renaissance Moves North • Expanded trade, growth of cities spread Renaissance across Europe • Unified governments of England, France supported the arts with money • In late 1400s, artists fled war in Italy; moved to northern Europe

40. Northern and Italian Renaissance Differ • Northern scholars did not study classics as Italians did • Northern painters much more detailed in depiction of everyday life

41. What do these movies have in common?

42. Northern Writers • William Shakespeare—most famous northern Renaissance writer • Romeo and Juliet, Hamletare plays often performed today http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=65Cy4-rfd24&feature=player_embedded

43. The Elizabethan Age • Elizabethan Age—period in England led by Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dXe8TJzAWUo&feature=player_detailpage

44. Advances in Science and Technology • Johann Gutenberg—inventor of the printing press; printed Bible in 1455 • printing press—machine that pressed paper against inked movable type

45. The Impact of Printing • Printing press had a tremendous impact on European society • books became widespread and cheap; more people learned to read • Renaissance ideas spread more rapidly across Europe

46. The Impact of Printing • Writers wrote in the vernacular—native language—rather than Latin • Mass printing of Bible allowed people to interpret text themselves