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Multimedia Training Kit

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  1. Multimedia Training Kit Antenna Multimedia Training Kit www.itrainonline.org

  2. Antenna • In a wireless system, antennas are used to convert electrical waves into electromagnetic waves. Multimedia Training Kit www.itrainonline.org

  3. Antenna Gain • The amount of energy the antenna can ‘boost’ the sent and received signal by is referred to as the antennas gain. • Antenna gain is measured in: • dBi - relative to an isotropic radiator • dBd - relative to a dipole radiator • The relationship between dBd and dBi can be represented in the following equation • 0 dBd = 2.15 dBi • In most cases, we use dBi as our antenna gain measurement. Multimedia Training Kit www.itrainonline.org

  4. Antenna Type • Access Point • Omnidirectional • Sectoral Antenna • Client or Point To Point • Yagi • Parabolic Reflector • Tin Can Antenna Multimedia Training Kit www.itrainonline.org

  5. At the Access Point • Omnidirectional Antenna • Sectoral Antenna Multimedia Training Kit www.itrainonline.org

  6. Omnidirectional Antenna • Omnidirectional antennas have normally a 360-degree RF radiation from it. • It is normally vertically polarized E-field. • Omnidirectional antenna gain is normally low around 3 to 12 dBi. • It is used for Point-to-Multi-Point (P2MP) links. • It is quite good for 1-5 km coverage, especially if the client uses high gain directional antenna. Multimedia Training Kit www.itrainonline.org

  7. Omnidirectional Antenna • Ref: RFLinx http://www.rflinx.com. • Model RFDG140 6.5 dBi. Multimedia Training Kit www.itrainonline.org

  8. Omnidirectional Antenna • Ref: YDI.COM http://www.ydi.com • Mode: A2408, A2412-D, A2412-O gain 8 dBi and 12 dBi. Multimedia Training Kit www.itrainonline.org

  9. Omnidirectional Antenna • Ref: Evercom Taiwan http://www.evercom-ind.com • Model OM88LNF 12dBi length 121cm Multimedia Training Kit www.itrainonline.org

  10. Omnidirectional Antenna • Ref: jbudisantosa@groundsys.com. • Homebrew 6 dBi antenna 75 cm length Multimedia Training Kit www.itrainonline.org

  11. Sectoral Antenna • Sectoral is used for the Access Point to serve a Point-to-Multi-Point (P2MP) links. • Some sectoral antennas are vertically polarized, some horizontally polarized. • It has higher gain of 10-19 dBi. • Good for serving an area of 6-8 km distances. • It has narrow horizontal beam-width to about 45-180 degree. Multimedia Training Kit www.itrainonline.org

  12. Sectoral Antenna • Ref: YDI.COM • Model A2.45LP14 vertically polarized 180 deg. sectoral antenna. Multimedia Training Kit www.itrainonline.org

  13. Sectoral Antenna • Ref: Evercom Taiwan http://www.evercom-ind.com • Model FG-Panel-56LB 19dBi Multimedia Training Kit www.itrainonline.org

  14. Sectoral Antenna • Ref: johny@marscyber.net • Homebrew 16 dBi sectoral. Multimedia Training Kit www.itrainonline.org

  15. At Client / Point To Point • Parabolic Antenna • Flat Panel Antenna • Tincan Antenna Multimedia Training Kit www.itrainonline.org

  16. Radome Enclosed Antenna • Ref: YDI.COM http://www.ydi.com • Model P2412 12dBi. Multimedia Training Kit www.itrainonline.org

  17. Yagi Antenna • Ref: Kenbotong Communication Ltd. Taiwan http://www.kenbotong.com • Model TDJ-2400C15 Gain 13 dBi Multimedia Training Kit www.itrainonline.org

  18. Parabolic Antenna • Ref: RFLinx http://www.rflinx.com • Model RFL-MANT19 & RFL-MANT24. Multimedia Training Kit www.itrainonline.org

  19. Parabolic Antenna • Ref: Tongyu Communication Equipment Co Ltd. , Guangdong, China http://www.tycc.cn • Model PST-2424C-08-GS High Gain 24 dBi Grid Parabolic Multimedia Training Kit www.itrainonline.org

  20. Flat Panel Antenna • Ref: YDI.COM http://www.ydi.com • Model FP12 & FP18, 12 & 18 dBi. Multimedia Training Kit www.itrainonline.org

  21. Backhaul Antenna • High Gain Antennas for Long Range Multimedia Training Kit www.itrainonline.org

  22. Antenna Polarization • Electromagnetic radio signal propagate through the air in two polarizations, electric field (E-field) or magnetic field (H-field), crossing 90-degree each other. An antenna polarization is relative to the E-field of antenna. • If the E-field is horizontal, than the antenna is Horizontally Polarized. • If the E-field is vertical, than the antenna is Vertically Polarized. Multimedia Training Kit www.itrainonline.org

  23. Antenna Polarization • No matter what polarity you choose, all antennas in the same RF network must be polarized identically regardless of the antenna type. • Using a correct polarized antenna, it would be possible for us to: • Increase isolation on unwanted signal source. Cross polarization (x-pol) discrimination is around 20-25 dB. • Reducing interference. • Defining coverage area. Multimedia Training Kit www.itrainonline.org

  24. Horizontally Polarized. Vertically Polarized. Antenna Polarization Multimedia Training Kit www.itrainonline.org

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