FISH (and chordates)

1. FISH(and chordates)

2. Freshwater Ponds and Lakes Streams and rivers Marsh and wetlands

3. Brackish/Briny • Brackish water or briny water is water that has more salinity than freshwater, but not as much as sea water. It may result from mixing of seawater with fresh water, as in estuaries and mangroves

4. Marine • Marine ecosystems are among the largest of Earth's aquatic ecosystems, that contains more salt than fresh or brackish waters • Oceans • Coral Reefs • Deep sea • Ocean floor

5. Members of the ANIMAL KINGDOMand the PHYLUM CHORDATA • They have a dorsal, hollow nerve cordand a notocord What is a chordate? Most chordates are vertebrates (SUBPHYLUM VERTEBRATA)

6. A few Chordates that are NOT vertebrates include a group know as protochordates. These include: Sea Squirts or Tunicates

8. and Lancelets

9. Protochordate Anatomy

10. ---Animals with a backbone or vertebral column (endoskeleton) ----Have spinal cord - dorsal, hollow nerve cord ----Front end of spinal cord develops a brain What is a vertebrate?

11. Jawless Fish (lamprey, hagfish) • Cartilage Fish (sharks, rays…) • Bony Fish (salmon, catfish, goldfish…) • Amphibians (frogs, salamanders…) • Reptiles (lizards, turtles…) • Birds (sparrows, hawks…) • Mammals (humans, whales, cats..) Vertebrate Classes

12. Fish Classification • Kingdom- Animalia • Phylum- Chordata • Sub Phylum- Vertebrata • Classes- Agnatha, Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes

13. General Fish Characteristics • Gills • Backbone (vertebrae) • Paired Fins • Single Loop Circulation

14. Fish have a two chambered heart – and single loop circulation: blood is passed over the gills where it picks up oxygen, goes to the body and returns to the heart

15. Fish Respiration • Water flows over Gills as fish opens mouth and swims. • Water flows opposite direction of blood flow.

16. Fish Respiration • O2 diffuses from the water into the blood. • Gills are made of thousands of gill filaments. • Gills are covered by the Operculum.

17. - Cerebrum - thinking, voluntary activities- Cerebellum - coordination- Medulla Oblongata - functions of internal organs - Lateral Line System - senses vibrations The Nervous System

18. Most fish lay eggs that are fertilized externally - called spawning • Some fish bear live young Reproduction

19. Fish Adaptations • Lateral Line System- used to detect vibrations, orient the fish in water, it is a line of cells running down the side of the fish. • Operculum- gill cover, movement of operculum allows more water to be drawn in. • Swim Bladder- a gas filled sac that helps the fish maintain buoyancy. Sharks don’t have a swim bladder! • Fins- Dorsal, Caudal, Pectoral, Pelvic, Anal.

22. Class Agnatha Jawless fish: Lampreys, Hagfish

23. Types of Agnathans • Hagfish- Ocean scavengers, not much is known about them. • Lamprey- fresh and salt water, they are parasitic and prey on other fish. * Both have cartilagenous skeletons and sucker-like mouths.

26. Class Chondrichthyes Sharks and Rays • Cartilage skeletons, no bones • No operculum, must keep moving to breathe. • Have live births. • Special scales feel like sandpaper.

27. Types of Chondrichthyes • Sharks • Sharks are adapted for a predatory lifestyle. • Cartilage skeletons, no bones stiff pectoral fins (speed).

32. Basking Shark is a filter feeder

34. Movies About Sharks

35. Types of Chondrichthyes • Rays Manta, and Sting Rays- live in shallow water, have mouths located on the underside, are fairly docile, wide flat bodies and wing-like fins that are flexible.

38. Class Osteichthyes Bony Fish: Salmon, Carp, Tuna

39. Types of Osteichthyes Ray Finned • Most fish are this type • Fins are supported by bony structures called Rays.

40. Types of Osteichthyes Lobe Finned • Fins are long, fleshy, muscular, supported by central core of bones. • Thought to be ancestors of amphibians. • Examples are: Coelacanth, Lungfish

42. Cichlids

43. Coelacanth: living fossil, lobe-finned

44. Clown Fish (Nemo)

45. Kissing Fish

50. Lion Fish