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Migration to The United States

This paper analyzes migration to the United States, highlighting significant trends and demographic changes. It discusses the evolution of immigration sources, with a focus on the shift from European to Asian and Central American immigrants. The age distribution of immigrants and their labor market involvement are explored, alongside public opinion before and after September 11. Economists' perspectives on the economic benefits of immigration reveal positive contributions to GDP, alongside concerns related to crime and security associated with illegal immigrants. The report also underscores the essential role of immigrant labor in various sectors, including dairy.

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Migration to The United States

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  1. Migration to The United States By Sherry Guan Jiaqi Ju Econ 490-01

  2. Key Points • General background • Countries comparison • Age Distribution • Public opinion • Economists’ opinion • Economic benefits • Negative concerns

  3. General Background • Sources of Immigration: majority of the immigrants from Europe, but now, large percentage of immigrants from Asia, central America • Causes of immigration: • Difference in real wages • Growth rate of population • Degree of industrialization and urbanization • The volume of previous immigrants from the same area • Economic and political conditions in U.S

  4. Asia v.s. Central America Asia n Countries Central America • Concentrated in California, New York , Hawaii and Massachusetts • About three of every five Immigrants in 2008 were limited English proficient • Less likely to participate in the civilian labor force • About half of adults had a bachelor’s degree or higher • Worked in management , business, finance, sciences , engineering and IT • Similar poverty level as U.S natives • Heavily concentrated in California, Texas, and Florida • One in five immigrants resided in Los Angles Metropolitan Area • 2/3 of immigrants in 2009 were limited English proficient • Participate in the civilian labor force • Worked in construction, extraction, and repair services • 1/5 immigrants lived in poverty

  5. Age Distribution

  6. Unemployment Rate

  7. Public Opinion • Positive attitude toward groups that have been visible for a century or more • Negative attitude toward recent arrivals • After Sept. 11, 55% of American favored decreasing legal immigration • In 2006, 68% of Americans think U.S. immigration levels are too high • Increase the level of unemployment • (Source: http://en.wikipedia.org)

  8. James Smith • Senior economist at Santa Monica-based RAND Corporation, and lead author of the United States National Research Councils • “Immigrants contribute as much as $ 10 billion to the U.S. economy each year.” Immigrants, including illegal immigrants, are benefited to the U.S. economy

  9. Economists’ Opinion • Positive for the U.S. economy • Net economic gain due to an increase in pay for higher-skilled workers, lower prices for goods and services • More efficiency and lower wages for some owners of capital • Specialize in activities • Immigrant workers are not taking jobs form domestic workers • Immigrants mostly do jobs American do not want

  10. Dr. Papademetriou • President of the Migration Policy Institute

  11. Economic Benefits • Contribution to GDP, both legal and illegal immigrants • Expand the size of labor market • Expand the size of markets for various goods which lead to lower ATC • Increase the average standard of living by increase spending • Taxes benefit

  12. Illegal Immigrant • Negative attitude on illegal immigrants • Security concern • Increase crime • Increase terrorism threats • Encouraging the culture of illegality • Remittances, both illegal and legal immigrants

  13. Facts • A study by the national dairy industry confirmed the essential role of immigrant labor in that sector. A loss of just 50 % of immigrant dairy workers would lower dairy farm sales by $6.7 billion and reduce total economic output by $11.2 billion.

  14. Illegal Immigrants • Costs and Benefits

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