1 / 49

Industrial Revolution Titans: Building America's Future

Explore the influential figures and key events of the Industrial Revolution era that shaped America's economic landscape. Delve into the lives of Cornelius Vanderbilt, John D. Rockefeller, J.P. Morgan, and Andrew Carnegie, and their significant contributions to industry expansion, big business structures, and government responses to monopolies. Witness the impact of immigration, labor conditions, unions, and the Progressive Movement on American society. Discover the challenges and successes of assimilation, urban growth, and the push for social justice during this transformative period in history.

deana
Télécharger la présentation

Industrial Revolution Titans: Building America's Future

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. INDUSTRIAL LEADERS

  2. CORNELIUS VANDERBILT RAILROAD SUMMER COTTAGE

  3. John D. RockefellerOil • Country Home • Winter Home • On the Cover of a Popular Magazine • Mansion • Stock Certificate

  4. J. P. MorganBanking/Finance • Photograph

  5. Andrew CarnegieSteel • Photograph

  6. Philanthropy • Carnegie's Millions to Library • Rockefeller's Contributions • Vanderbilt and Education • J. P. Morgan's Contributions

  7. Industry Expansion

  8. Economic Transformation/Growth • Laissez-faire capitalism • Special considerations by government • Land grants to RR builders • Increasing labor supply • Immigration • Migration from farms to cities • Wealth of natural resources • Rivers • Oil, Coal, Iron

  9. Big Business

  10. Business Structures • The Corportation • Vertical Integration • Bought suppliers of raw materials • Example: Carnegie bought iron and coal companies • Horizontal Integration • Bought companies that sold product • Example: Carnegie bought other steel companies • Example: J.D.Rockefeller and Oil

  11. Business Structures • Trusts • A place to hide ownership of other companies • Monopolies • Sole owner of a product • Examples: Rockefeller and Standard Oil and others

  12. Government Response to Monopolies and Trusts • Laissez-Faire Economics • Sherman Anti-Trust Act 1890 • Prevents monopolies or prevents any business that “restrains trade” • Weak, not well-enforced • Clayton Anti-Trust Act • Gave “teeth” to (expanded) Sherman Anti-Trust Act • Outlaws price-fixing • Example Railroads • Exempts unions from Sherman Act • Enforced

  13. Working Conditions • Dangerous working conditions • Long hours, low wages, no job security • No benefits (accident, health or retirement) • Company town • Example: Mining towns • Employment of women, immigrants, children • Child Labor • Coal Mining • Hine's Pics

  14. Robber Barons? • A Question of Philanthropy

  15. Unions • Collective Bargaining • Goals: higher wages, shorter workdays/weeks • Notice to workers: an attempt to organize

  16. Example of Unions • Knights of Labor • Early labor union • Declines after failure of strikes • American Federation of Labor • Samuel Gompers • American Railway Union • Eugene Debs • Union of all workers

  17. Examples of Unions • Industrial Ladies’ Garment Workers Union • Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Tragedy • Factory

  18. Examples of Stikes

  19. Haymarket Square • Chicago’s Haymarket Square • Bomb explodes during demonstration in support of striking workers • Several people die

  20. Homestead Stike • Steel workers and Pinkerton Guards battle • Several people die

  21. Pullman Strike • Led by Eugene Debs and American Railway Union • Federal Troops called to break strike • Violence erupts

  22. Immigration

  23. Northern & Western Europe Examples: Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, Norway, and Sweden Southern & Eastern Europe Examples: Italy, Greece, Poland, Russia, Hungary, Yugoslavia, and Asia (China & Japan) ImmigrationPrior to 1877 From 1871 to 1921

  24. Ellis Island • Immigrants arrived from Europe • First stop, Ellis Island in New York • Statue of Liberty • Came by boat across the Atlantic • Ellis Island Records

  25. Why Become an Immigrant? • Freedom (political, economic, religious) • Better economic opportunities • Better living standard for families

  26. Contributions of Immigrants • Chinese help build transcontinental RR • Worked as laborers in textile and steel mills of Northeast • Helped build the clothing industry in NYC • Slavs, Italians, & Poles worked in coal mines in the East

  27. Process of Assimilation • American “Melting pot” • Schools important to teaching American values • Immigrants learned English, American customs, became American citizens • However, often lived in ethnic neighborhoods

  28. Hardships & Hostility • Fear & resentment by other Americans that immigrants would take their jobs • Fear & Resentment that immigrants would accept lower pay • Prejudice based on religious differences • Prejudice based on cultural differences

  29. Immigration Laws Change • Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 • Immigration Restriction Act of 1921 • Both laws limited or cut-off immigration to American for several decades

  30. Growth of Cities • Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, & New York • As a result of industrial growth • Cities became manufacturing and transportation centers

  31. Living Conditions in the Cities • Tenements • Slums • Crowded conditions • Sanitary Conditions Poor • How the Other Half Lives (Riis)

  32. Rapid Growth of Cities: Impact • Housing shortages • Need for new public services • Sewage • Water systems • Public transportation • NYC: First subway system • Trolley or streetcar lines

  33. Progressive Movement

  34. Goals of Progressive Movement • Government controlled by people • Guaranteed economic opportunities through government regulation • Elimination of social injustices

  35. Progressive Accomplishments in Local Governments • New forms to meet needs of increasing urbanization • Commission & council manager

  36. Progressive Accomplishments in State Governments • Referendum • Initiative • Recall

  37. Progressive Accomplishments in Elections • Primary Elections • Secret Ballot • Direct election of U.S. Senators • 17th Amendment

  38. Progressive Accomplishments in Child Labor • Muckraking literature describing abuses of child labor • Child labor laws

  39. Impact of Labor Unions • At first, not very successful • Labor supply high so strikes unsuccessful • Violence linked to Unions (strikes) • Eventually, gains made • Limited work hours • Regulated work conditions

  40. Anti-Trust Laws • Sherman Anti-Trust Act • Clayton Anti-Trust Act

  41. Women’s Suffrage • Forerunner of modern protest movement • Benefited from strong leadership • Susan B. Anthony • Encouraged women to enter labor force during WWI • Resulted in 19th Amendment to Constitution • Women’s Right to Vote

  42. The South

  43. Discrimination & Segregation in the South • “Jim Crow” laws • Forced separation of races in public places • Black Codes • KKK • Intimidation and Crimes against African Americans • lynchings

  44. Response to Discrimination & Segregation • Courts became focus for redress, safeguard rights • Plessy v. Fergusson • “separate but equal” did not violate 14th Amendment • “Jim Crow” laws upheld

  45. Great Migration • In early 20th century • Southern African Americans move to Northern cities • Searching for jobs, escape poverty & discrimination in the South

  46. Responses by Leaders

  47. Ida B. Wells • Led anti-lynching campaign • Pushed federal government to take action

  48. Booker T. Washington • The way to equality was through vocational education & economic success • He accepted social separation • Up From Slavery

  49. W.E.B.Du Bois • Supported college education • Education was meaningless without equality • Supported political equality • Helped form the NAACP: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People • The Souls of Black Folk

More Related