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Rainfed Fisheries Research Study

Rainfed Fisheries Research Study. S. D. Tripathi & Graham Haylor. Rainfed resource, characteristics of land and water, desirable properties for aquaculture and fisheries. Precipitation (mm/y: red 0-100, yellow >100-500, green >500-1500, blue >1500) and

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Rainfed Fisheries Research Study

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  1. Rainfed Fisheries Research Study S. D. Tripathi &Graham Haylor

  2. Rainfed resource, characteristics of land and water, desirable properties for aquaculture and fisheries • Precipitation (mm/y: red 0-100, yellow >100-500, green >500-1500, blue >1500) and • Evapo-transpiration (mm/y: red 0-100, yellow >100-500, green >500-1500, blue >1500) • c. Rainfed farming potential (dark blue very high, light blue high, dark green moderate, light green low, yellow very low)

  3. Rainfed area: 55% of net sown area Home to 2/3rd livestock & 40% human population Fisheries & aquaculture potentially significant livelihood activities Geographical potential of aquaculture matches that of terrestrial rainfed farming Each drawing upon stored water, agricultural residues and animal wastes GoI’s focus on rural development & social inclusion: Its promotion a major component of RRA-N programme STATUS OF FISHERY DEVELOPMENT IN RAINFED AREAS

  4. Characterization of Rainfed Areas NRRA Has categorized rainfed areas (districts) based on: Ecological characteristics: natural resources index (nri) Socio-economic characteristics: integrated livelihood index (ili); & Dominant crop: all rice growing dists with low ili (poverty & backwardness) But most with medium to high nri (yet poor), under-utilized 167 dists, 44 are rice-growing [mp8, jh12, cg5, or8, br4, as2, wb2, up3] ‘water plus’ activity; worlp identified ‘aquaculture’ as one

  5. TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RAIN-FED AREAS Livelihood activities: Farming, hunting, fishing, gathering forest products Resources: Ponds and tanks, ahars, check dams, nala bunds, tube wells Role of fish: Low input fish culture – income and employment Fish: source of protein for poor and tribal communities Government policy: FFDA support to poor, training, bank loans; DEO’s Research support: ICAR and its institutes

  6. Opportunities & Constraints to Aquaculture Development Panchayati Raj Act: preferential lease to tribals, in effect –NOT Gram Panchayats control such resources but not able to act Male-centric, females denied opportunities in many places Gap between farmer’s knowledge and package of practices Under funding & insufficient training – lack of resources with farmers Low rate of adoption: Socio-economic condition & resource-use priority with the farmer RRA: Support formation of SHGs based on common interests Bring them in research focus

  7. Research Focus and beyond Present focus: maximize production, large-scale activity Use of off-farm inputs Systems that exclude other water uses and users Concentrate on systems that involve only large perennial water bodies RRA: Participatory research where farmers set the agenda Essential for the sustainability; Different donors Research: Resource access issues: water bodies and inputs RRA: Resolve thru dialogue with line agencies and NGOs

  8. Agricultural byproducts and livestock manure Range of byproducts used as aquaculture inputs, qty small Paddy the main crop –bran & broken rice (40% of total yield) Total qty/tribal household (0.18-044 t/a; Sept onwards; landless, nil Priority: livestock feed, house construction and fuel; lastly as fish feed Cattle manure with tribal families rarely exceeds 2 t/a Not available for collection, poor diet affects both qty & quality Other uses: for crops, house building, fuel; lastly for fish ponds Manure(kg)/animal/yr: Cattle 550 kg; goat 250 kg; sheep 200 kg; poultry 30 kg; pig 350 kg

  9. Availability of credit and subsidy Requirement (inputs/ha): Rs 21,038 in Bihar and Rs 16,638 in MP Credit of this amount for a tribal unimaginable and that too at the same time when he needs it for crop production Subsidy available for pond construction and renovation 20% and 25% of the total cost for general caste and SC/ST Rest has to be taken as bank loan Subsidy: inputs for first year for an estimated cost of Rs 50,000/- Credit: tank lease (pays Rs 18,725 against Rs 12,500/- in 7 years) RRA to help farmers Appropriate credit and support from DoF and NGOs

  10. Production Diminishing Factors (PDFs) Factors that may reduce the potential success Seed quality, inappropriate stocking : input, siltation, water quality Losses (stressed fry/fingerling , disease, predation, theft, escapes Short production period (seepage, drought) or floods RRA to raise awareness about PDFs and ways to overcome Encourage local seed production – set up hatcheries and training Harvesting constraint, fishing parties seek 25-40% of catch Marketing no problem, price of even 200-g fish is rather high

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