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Graphics Processing Units

Graphics Processing Units. Linchuan Chen. Definition and Functionalities. 图形处理器 （ Graphics Processing Unit ）， 是一种专门用来处理在 个人电脑 、工作站或游戏机上图像运算工作的微处理器 。 图形处理器使 显卡减少 了对中央处理器的依赖，并分担了部分原本是由中央处理器所担当的 工作 Efficient at manipulating  computer graphics highly parallel structure

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Graphics Processing Units

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  1. Graphics Processing Units Linchuan Chen

  2. Definition and Functionalities • 图形处理器（Graphics Processing Unit），是一种专门用来处理在个人电脑、工作站或游戏机上图像运算工作的微处理器。 • 图形处理器使显卡减少了对中央处理器的依赖，并分担了部分原本是由中央处理器所担当的工作 • Efficient at • manipulating computer graphics • highly parallel structure • more effective than general purpose CPUs for processing of large blocks of data in parallel.

  3. Types of GPUs • 集成显卡 (Integrated GPUs)

  4. Types of GPUs • 独立显卡 (Discrete GPUs)

  5. GPU Companies • Intel (49.4%) • Mainly integrated GPUs • Nvidia (27.8%) • The world's first 'GPU‘, GeForce 256, October 11, 1999 • ATI (20.6%) acquired by AMD in 2006 • Released its first Radeon 9700 GPU in 2002 Nvidia and ATI control 100% for Discrete GPU market.

  6. How Were Computer Graphics Processed before GPUs Emerged • In 90s, 2D GUIs were supported by graphic chips • Early – Mid 90s, 3D Games Appeared • 3D real time processing were CPU-assisted • Low 3D Performance Leads to Hardware-accelerated 3D graphics. • e.g.  S3 ViRGE, ATI Rage,andMatroxMystique. • They are 2D GUI graphic chips with 3D features bolted on • Microsoft provided strict one-to-one support of hardware for Direct3D. • OpenGL is cross-platform • The world first GPU (GeForce 256) supports hardware 3D processing

  7. Graphic-only GPUs • After 2000 • GPUs allow users to do shading before displaying graphics to the screen • Nvidia released the first shading capable chip GeForce 3 March 2001 • ATI released Radeon 9700 in 2002, which supports shading with looping and floating point math operations

  8. Stream Processing and General Purpose GPUs (GPGPU) • Stream Processing • Stream: a set of data, similar to an image • All input units are processed in a SIMD way • This concept turns the modern GPU’s shader pipeline into general-purpose computing power • General Purpose GPUs • Especially benefits massive vector operations • Can yield several orders of magnitude higher performance than a conventional CPU • Because each GPU incorporates hundreds of shader cores

  9. Popular GPGPUs • Nvidia GPUs • CUDA SDK, OpenCL SDK • Tesla Series GPUs • Fermi Cards • AMD (ATI) GPUs • Use OpenCL • Radeon Series

  10. GPGPU Programming Model

  11. Coupled CPU-GPUs • Integrates CPU and GPU on the Same Chip, and the GPU supports general purpose computation • AMD Fusion (e.g. AMD A3850 APU) • Intel Ivy Bridge Series (e.g. I7 3rd gen) • These are in fact a evolution of integrated graphic cards

  12. Applications of GPGPUs • Dealing with Highly Parallel Computations • Ray Tracing, computational fluid dynamics, weather modeling, data mining. • In the top 500 list, three of the top five fastest supercomputers in the world were CPU-GPU clusters • However, GPUs are not good at handling branches or data retrieving. For tasks like MS word processing, CPUs are still the first choice

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