Irony

1. Irony • Definition – when something turns out to be different from what is expected or appropriate • Example – A police officer’s child gets arrested for breaking the law. • We expect that a police officer’s family would follow the law and stay out of trouble! Stille English I

2. Narrative Essay Narrate – to tell a story + Narrator – person who tells a story = Narration – the story itself • Narrative Essay = a short piece of literature that tells the story of a real person or even using significant details • Ex: “The Washwoman” by Isaac Bashevis Singer • What significant details does Singer use? Stille English I

3. Literature - Symbolism • Symbol • a person, place, thing, or event that represents itself and a larger idea or feeling • American flag • freedom, democracy • Dove • peace • Symbolism • the use of symbols in literature Stille English I

4. Literature - Symbolism • How about the four seasons? • Spring • Birth, new life, hope, promise • Summer • Childhood, youth, freedom, happiness • Autumn • Aging, slowing down, responsibility • Winter • Death, pain, loss Stille English I

5. Literature – Figurative Language • Figurative Language • Language that is imaginative not real • Simile • Metaphor • Personification • Hyperbole • Imagery Stille English I

6. Literature – Figurative LanguageSimile • A comparison made between two unlike things using like or as • Mr. Stille was as dumb as a rock. • James slept like a hibernating bear Stille English I

7. Literature – Figurative LanguageMetaphor • A comparison made between two unlike things in which one thing becomes the other • Does not use like or as • Mr. Stille was a rock; he could not even tie his shoes. • James was a bear in winter; he could sleep through anything. Stille English I

8. Literature – Figurative LanguagePersonification • Giving human like characteristics to a non-human thing • The sunlight danced on the water. • Winter kicked us in the teeth starting in December. Stille English I

9. Literature – Figurative LanguageHyperbole • Obvious exaggeration for effect • The student raised his hand million times. • I’m so hungry, I could eat a horse. Stille English I

10. Literature – Figurative LanguageImagery • Language that appeals to the senses • Helps us appreciate the scene • Sight, Smell, Hearing, Touch, Taste • The rotten fruit filled my nose with a wicked stench. • I shivered uncontrollably as the icy wind cut through my jacket. Stille English I

11. Characterization • The act of creating and developing a character • Helps the reader to know the character • Two types of characterization • Direct • Indirect Stille English I

12. Characterization • Direct Characterization – author directly states a character’s traits • Ex: Tynesia was friendly. • Indirect Characterization – author gives clues and the reader draws conclusions • Clues include: • A character’s actions • What a character says • How a character looks • How other characters react to her/him • Ex: Tynesia always smiled and said “hello” to everybody. Stille English I

13. Foreshadowing • Clues that hint at events that are still to come in the story • Creates suspense and keeps the character wondering • Look for foreshadowing in the exposition and rising action Stille English I

14. First-Person Narration • Narrator = story teller • A style of telling a story where the narrator is a part of the story • Look for first-person pronouns • I, me, my, we, our • Don’t forget that the narrator is a character in the story too! Stille English I