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Comprehensive Guide to Cattle Vaccination: Types, Immunity, and Administration

This guide provides an overview of cattle vaccination, including types of infectious vaccines (modified live and non-infectious vaccines), their immunity duration, and administration routes. It discusses the importance of proper handling and storage of vaccines as per label instructions to prevent failures. The document outlines recommended vaccination protocols for cow herds in various stages, including precalving and prebreeding vaccinations, as well as protocols for nursing calves. By following best practices, livestock owners can maximize the health and productivity of their herds.

deborah-meyers
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Comprehensive Guide to Cattle Vaccination: Types, Immunity, and Administration

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  1. CATTLE IMMUNOLOGY Floron C. Faries, Jr., DVM, MS Professor and Extension Program Leader Texas AgriLife Extension Service Texas A&M University System College Station, TX 77843 http://extensionvetmed.tamu.edu

  2. INFECTIOUS VACCINES (ANTIGENS) • TYPES: • modified live vaccines – intramuscular, subcutaneous, intranasal • modified live vaccines (body temperature sensitive) – intranasal

  3. IMMUNITY DURATION: • life-time (infection established, cellular and humoral immunity) • one dose required • annual boosters may not be required

  4. CAUTION: • label restrictions (may be unapproved for pregnant cows/nursing calves) • ineffectiveness (following non-infectious vaccine)

  5. NON-INFECTIOUS VACCINES (ANTIGENS) • TYPES: • killed vaccines and bacterins – intramuscular, subcutaneous • toxoids and leukotoxoids – intramuscular, subcutaneous • modified live vaccines (body temperature sensitive) – intramuscular

  6. IMMUNITY DURATION: • 4 to 12 months (infection not established, humoral immunity) • primary dose required (priming) • secondary dose required – 3 to 6 weeks later (within 4 months) • annual or semiannual boosters required

  7. ANTISERA/ANTISERUM (ANTIBODIES) • TYPES: • antitoxins – subcutaneous • monoclonal antibody – oral

  8. DURATION IMMUNITY: • 2 to 6 weeks (humoral immunity)

  9. DNA RECOMBINANT VACCINES • None available for cattle

  10. VACCINE LABEL HANDLING INSTRUCTIONS • FOLLOW THE LABEL: • refrigerate in use and storage • use sanitary practices in use • keep out of sunlight in use • properly dispose of opened vials after use • abide expiration date of unopened vials

  11. VACCINE LABEL USE DIRECTIONS • FOLLOW THE LABEL: • dose • route(s) • withdrawal time for slaughter (21 to 60 days)

  12. VACCINE FAILURES • NO RESPONSE (efficacy, stress, malnutrition) • IMPROPER DOSE • IMPROPER ROUTE

  13. MISHANDLED (non-refrigerated, sunlight exposure, unsanitary) • STORED OPENED VIALS • EXPIRED VACCINE • POOR QUALITY VACCINE

  14. PRIMARY DOSE ONLY (non-infectious vaccine) • IMMUNITY DURATION EXPIRED • VACCINATION AFTER EXPOSURE (incubation period or latent period)

  15. Cow Herd Vaccines • Precalving Vaccination of Cows and Heifers (7 to 9 months of pregnancy or twice a year) • 4-way Viral BRD Vaccine • Pasteurella Bacterin & Leukotoxoid • Haemophilus Bacterin • 5-way Lepto Bacterin • 7-way or 8-way Blackleg Bacterin • Scour Vaccine • Vibrio Bacterin • Trich Vaccine

  16. Prebreeding Vaccination of Replacement Heifers and Bulls 1. 4-way Viral BRD Vaccine 2. Pasteurella Bacterin & Leukotoxoid 3. Haemophilus Bacterin 4. 5-way Lepto Bacterin 5. 7-way or 8-way Blackleg Bacterin 6. Vibrio Bacterin 7. Trich Vaccine (Heifers) 8. Anaplas Vaccine

  17. Calf Herd Vaccines • Postcalving Vaccination of Nursing Calves (2 to 3 months of age) • 4-way Viral BRD • Pasteurella Bacterin & Leukotoxoid • Haemophilus Bacterin • 5-way Lepto Bacterin • 7-way or 8-way Blackleg Bacterin

  18. Preweaning Vaccination of Nursing Calves (3 weeks before weaning) 1. 4-way Viral BRD Vaccine 2. Pasteurella Bacterin & Leukotoxoid 3. Haemophilus Bacterin 4. 5-way Lepto Bacterin 5. 7-way or 8-way Blackleg Bacterin 6. Bang’s Vaccine (Heifers)

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