1. IMMUNOLOGY How your body defends itself from foreign invasion.

2. DEFENSE SYSTEM NON-SPECIFIC SPECIFIC • NOT differentiate between invaders • Same response for pollen  HIV • 1 & 2nd lines of defense • Creates specific response for each invader • Ability to remember & target invaders (antibodies) • 3rd line of defense

3. DEFENSE SYSTEM Major chemicals/proteins: • Antigen • Unique protein (name tag) all living tissue • Antibody • Protein matches to an antigen  used to “remember” • You have a different antibody for every different foreign molecule ever entered your body • Histamine • Chemical triggers allergy response (runny nose, water eyes, blood flow) • Interferon • Protein release by infected cells  “interferes” w/ viral reproduction • Interleukin • Chemical messenger controls temperature regulation

4. NON-SPECIFIC DEFENSES Same response to all invaders 1st Line of Defense • Physical Barriers • Attempts to prevent invasion • Skin • Mucous membranes • pH • Digestive enzymes 2nd Line of Defense • Inflammatory Resp. • Triggered by tissue damage • Increase blood flow to promote clotting • WBC’s consume all foreign material • Fever

5. 2nd Line Defense (cont.) • Types of White Blood Cells (Leukocytes) • Monocyte  appear @ site of infection & can move into tissue & form macrophages • Macrophage  (big eaters & long life span), ever present, consume old cells, dust & pathogens • Neutrophils  most abundant, short life span • Eosinophils  destroy parasites (worms) • Basophils  not directly destroy, release chemicals that trigger all others (histamine) • Natural Killers (NK)  destroys infected cells

6. SPECIFIC DEFENSE 3rd Line 0f defense DIFFERENT RESPONSE FOR EACH INVADER • Humoral Response • B-cells • “highlights” foreign material • Produces Antibodies – “memory cells” • Cell-Mediated Response • T-cells • “killer” cells • Consume invaders highlighted by the b-cells

7. TYPES OF IMMUNITY PASSIVE active • Requires no effort • Antibodies given out • Examples: • Requires effort • Body must produce antibodies by fighting off infection • Examples: • Natural – • Artificial –

8. Why does your body want you to feel Crummy????

9. ROLE OF FEVER • T-cells (kill invaders) • antibodies (remember invaders) • wbc’s (consume invaders) • pathogen reproductive rates

10. ALLERGIES • An exagerated immune response to typically harmless environmental antigens • Only activate 1st & 2nd lines of defense • Never reach 3rd – never form antibodies that would prevent re-occurance • Why  • Overmedicated, over vaccinated & under exposed • Immune system learns it job by practicing, if you give it nothing to practice on, it will find something (grass, pollen, food allergies, etc.)

11. BABY ARTICLE • Read the article & be prepared to respond to the following essay prompts: • VACCINATION, ISOLATION or EXPOSURE? • Which method(s) would you choose for your own children? • Describe several ways to improve or boost you and/or your future children’s immune system? • Name method & describe how it helps.