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Unit 2 Characteristics of Life

Unit 2 Characteristics of Life. BIG Ideas in Biology. 1. Organisms share common characteristics of life. 5 Characteristics of Life. All living organisms ……. 1. Are made up of one or more cells. Big Idea #3. Cells are the basic unit of function and structure of all living organisms.

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Unit 2 Characteristics of Life

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  1. Unit 2Characteristics of Life

  2. BIG Ideas in Biology 1. Organisms share common characteristics of life

  3. 5 Characteristics of Life All living organisms ……. 1. Are made up of one or more cells. Big Idea #3 Cells are the basic unit of function and structure of all living organisms.

  4. Unicellular: -organisms made up of only one cell. Bacteria Protist

  5. Multicellular: -organisms made up of two or more cells all working together. Plants Animals Fungi

  6. Lung Cells Multicellular organisms must display levels of organization: Big Idea #5=differentiation 1. CELLS >>> 2. TISSUES >>> 3. ORGANS >>> 4. SYSTEMS = 5. ORGANISM

  7. 5. Organism =an individual living thing (frog) 6. Species = group of like organisms that can reproduce and produce a fertile offspring

  8. 7. Population = group of individuals of the same species living in one place

  9. 8. Communities = groups of many different populations living in one area

  10. 9. Ecosystem = all the different organisms and their physical environment both biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving like air and water)

  11. Biome- ecosystems with similar climate, biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) factors

  12. 10.Biosphere = is the region of our universe where organisms live (land, air and water)

  13. What’s the difference between the man and the rock? MAN: -made up of cells and displays all levels of organization ROCKS: -not made up of cells…made up of only atoms and molecules

  14. All living organisms…… 2. Must be able to successfully reproduce -Reproduce means to make more of something -Not essential to the individual but to the whole species -Without it = extinction

  15. Types of reproduction: • Asexual Reproduction: • A- = not -sexual = well you know what that means... • When one organism divides into two new organisms • New organisms are genetically identical (clones)

  16. Examples: Amoeba (microscopic Protist)

  17. Planarians Planaria (Animal-flatworm)

  18. E. Coli (bacteria) Binary Fission

  19. Strawberry Plants Budding Hydras (Animals)

  20. Regeneration of Seastars (Animal)

  21. Sexual Reproduction: -Requires two things -sperm -egg -Produces organisms that are genetically different (from parents and each other)

  22. Fertilization • Union of egg and sperm (2 gametes) • Egg + Sperm = Zygote (1st cell…1/2 hour) • Two types: • External • Internal

  23. Fish External Fertilization

  24. Frogs Amplexus…oh la la…

  25. Internal Fertilization

  26. All living organisms…… 3. Must be able to grow and develop Grow: to increase in the number of cells Develop: to change in form

  27. MetaMorphosis Growth and development may occur at the same time. What do we call this type of growth & development?

  28. All living organisms…… • Must obtain and use energy -need energy to do everything grow, develop, reproduce…..even sleep. So that’s why babies sleep so much…!!!

  29. Energy Flow Energy…can be changed from one form to another but it cannot be created nor destroyed…

  30. BIG Ideas in Biology 6. Organisms obtain and use energy to carry out their life processes

  31. Energy Flow -troph=To Nourish Sun Autotroph Heterotroph Continuous Flow

  32. =To Nourish (Food) • Heterotrophs: -organisms that get energy by consuming and digesting food into useable molecules.

  33. Who is heterotrophic? -some bacteria -some protist -all fungi -all animals

  34. Heterotrophs must display a metabolism. Metabolism = the rate of two chemical reactions required to breakdown food and use the food for energy and to make new materials. High vs. Low

  35. Catabolism + Anabolism = Metabolism To put together to make new materials To breakdown/digest food

  36. Cellular respiration sugar + O2 ATP energy + CO2 + H2O + Heat Storage form of energy used by a cell to do “work” Break Down Sugar Glycolysis-metabolic process that “breaks down” carbohydrates & sugars creating ATP (energy)

  37. Cell

  38. Autotrophs: -organisms which make their own food through the process of photosynthesis -convert light energy to chemical energy (sugar) Sun + CO2 +H2OC6H12O6 + O2

  39. Who is Autotrophic? -some bacteria -some protists -all plants

  40. All Living Organisms… • All living organisms must adapt and respond to their environment. WHY? Survival………….. Snowshoe rabbit in the winter and summer. Chameleons

  41. BIG Ideas in Biology 4. Through a variety of mechanisms organisms seek to maintain a biological balance between their internal and external environments Homeostasis

  42. Stimulus Response ( To Maintain Homeostasis) Coldness Shivering Heat Sweating Light Plant Grows Toward It No Food Migration/Hibernation

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