Concentrated Solar Thermal Energy CSIRO Research & Applications

1. Concentrated Solar Thermal EnergyCSIRO Research & Applications Tania Ritchie Hunter Environmental Institute seminar Newcastle, June 2011

2. Overview • Background • Solar thermal technologies • Current costs • Cost saving potentials • Solar thermal research at CSIRO • Solar fuels • Solar air turbine • Heliostat development • Advanced steam generation • Advanced energy storage • Conclusion CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar

3. Photovoltaics Solar Thermal Energy sunlight heat other uses electricity Solar Energy sunlight electricity CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar

4. Dish 1000°C Tower 900 Point focus 800 700 600 Linear Fresnel 500 Trough 400 Linear focus 300 200 100 0°C Solar Thermal Energy Non-concentrated solar energy CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar

5. Dish 1000°C Tower SES Test Facility, USA 900 ANU Big Dish 800 700 600 Nevada Solar One Linear Fresnel 500 Trough 400 Liddell Power Station, NSW 300 200 100 PS20, Seville 0°C Solar Thermal Energy Point focus Linear focus Non-concentrated solar energy CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar

6. Nature, Sept 1882 1000°C 900 800 700 Nature, Jan 1884 600 500 400 300 200 100 0°C Solar Thermal Energy Point focus Linear focus Non-concentrated solar energy CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar

7. Tower commercialisation Tower Tower demonstration Global developments Cumulative Operational MWe Trough demonstration Trough commercialisation Trough CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar

8. CSIRO/Aurecon models $4890/kWe 13 c/kWh Will solar energy be cost-competitive? • Plant at Longreach with 6 hrs storage • Scope for another 10-15% reduction if alternative HTF found US Roadmap Source: Concentrating solar power – drivers and opportunities for cost-competitive electricity, CSIRO/Aurecon March 2011 www.garnautreview.org.au CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar

9. Decreasing the cost CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar

10. CSIRO Solar Field 1 • 170 point focus mirrors • 500 kWth • T ≈ 1000°C at receiver • Reforms natural gas to SolarGas with 26% embodied solar energy H2O+CH4 CO+3H2 CSIRO Solar Field 1 CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar

11. CSIRO Solar Field 1 CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar

12. CSIRO Solar Field 1 CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar

13. CSIRO Solar Field 2 • CSIRO Solar Field 2 • 451 point focus mirrors • >1000 kWth • T ≈ 1000°C at receiver • Heats air to run a gas turbine, producing electricity CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar

14. CSIRO Solar Field 2 CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar

15. Raytrace predictions Photographs M12 M13 M14 M15 Heliostat development • Advanced heliostat design • Heliostat quality control • Closed-loop pointing control • Precise targeting • Raytracing – predicting performance • Flux mapping – confirming performance • Glare & safety analysis CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar

16. Advanced steam project CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar • Advanced Steam-Generating Receivers for High-Concentration Solar Collectors • Duration: 3½ years from January 2010 • Budget: $9.695M • Major Works: • Steam receivers to match highest efficiency commercial turbine • Superheating receivers • Modelling of solar steam systems • Hybrid steam/thermoelectric receivers CSP at CSIRO

17. Thermal storage e- Hot and cold storage tanks Heat exchange with process CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar

18. Thermal storage Image credit: Andasol 1 CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar

19. Storage costs Only accessible to solar thermal Source: Sandia CST Roadmap study; Energy Storage Association. Slide: Cameron Briggs CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar

20. 6 hr 4 hr Max. price (summer) Max. solar Max. price (winter) Storage benefits CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar

21. Advanced storage project Duration: 3 years commencing January 2010 Budget: $8.632M • Enable very high temperature thermal storage for dispatchable power • Storage temperatures above 700ºC • Industrial applications • Higher energy density / Lower inventory of storage materials • Requires identification and development of new Heat Transfer and storage materials • Integration of High Temp Storage and Steam systems CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar

22. Conclusion • CSP has the potential to become a low cost technology • cost of electricity can be reduced from around 23c/kWh currently to 13 c/kWh by 2020 • Improvements below 10 c/kWh are technically feasible • CSIRO’s research is focused on achieving these cost reductions. CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar

23. Contact Us Phone: 1300 363 400 or +61 3 9545 2176 Email: enquiries@csiro.au Web: www.csiro.au Thank you Tania Ritchie tania.ritchie@csiro.au

24. Can solar energy meet demand? The Solar Resource Averaged solar irradiation 1990-2004. Ecole des Mines de Paris / Armines 2006. Australia’s electricity requirements met by 50km x 50km CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar

25. CSIRO Solar Field 2 • Near term commercial opportunity for CSP in Australia. • Sun in, electricity out • Suitable for distributed generation at the 1-10MWe range • Water free • Good balance between risk and financing for the Australian market • Existing markets exist in which it can compete CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar

26. Global developments PS10 & PS20, Spain Gemasolar, Spain Image credit: Abengoa eSolar, USA Image credit: Gemasolar Image credit: eSolar CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar