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Shampoo from India, Ketchup from China.

A short story of English. Shampoo from India, Ketchup from China. 'the common source'. The Celts – natives of the British Isles. Celtic words. Proper names: Avon Thames Kent York Other words: binn, crag. Britain as a part of the Roman world. The Roman invasion. writing

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Shampoo from India, Ketchup from China.

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  1. A short story of English Shampoo from India, Ketchup from China.

  2. 'the common source'

  3. The Celts – natives of the British Isles

  4. Celtic words Proper names: Avon Thames Kent York Other words: binn, crag

  5. Britain as a part of the Roman world

  6. The Roman invasion writing Latin borrowings (e.g. wall, street, camp, wine, cheese) Proper names (e.g. Chester, Manchester, Londonium)

  7. Anglo – Saxonspeople from north Germany, Denmark and northern Holland

  8. Old English language of the Anglo-Saxons Noun declinations Verb conjugations Everyday words (sheep, earth, work, field) the, is, you Place names (Cantley, Downham, Elmswell) Weekdays (Tiw, Woden, Thor, Frig)

  9. 'The words of God'

  10. Christianity and language Words from the Bible (camel, lion, cedar, myrrh) Words of Latin origin (discipline, preost, biscop, nonne, munuc) Words of Greek origin (apostle, pope, psalter)

  11. The Viking invasions

  12. The Norse The simplification of English (regularisation of endings, loss of inflections) Place names (Clapham, Worthing, Hawkstowe, Derby, Swainswick) 900 words of Scandinavian origin (get, hit, leg, skin, same, want, wrong)

  13. The Norman conquest

  14. 'Common men know no French' French – a learned, not natural language Alternative vocabulary: freedom – liberty ask – enquire answer – respond call off – cancel put off - postpone

  15. Renaissance a huge influx of Latin and Greek words Latin (anatomy, area, compensate, expensive, gradual, habitual, physician) Greek (anonymous, atmosphere, data, skeleton, tragedy) Arabic via Spanish (alcove, algebra, zenith, algorithm, almanac, azimuth, alchemy, admiral )

  16. The beginning of major colonial expansion, industrial revolution, and American immigration Words from European languages French(champagne,faux pas, sachet, salon) Spanish (alligator, barricade, coyote, desperado, tornado, tortilla) Italian (studio, umbrella, cappuccino, espresso, spaghetti) Dutch, Flemish (cruise,landscape, cookie)

  17. German (pumpernickel, sauerkraut, schnitzel, U-boat, delicatessen, hamburger, hausfrau, kindergarten) Scandinavian (fjord,ski, slalom) Russian(czar/tsar, icon, perestroika, vodka)

  18. Words from other parts of the world Persian (check, checkmate, chess ) Arabic (gazelle, giraffe, harem, sultan, bazaar, caravan ) African languages(banana (via Portuguese), banjo, boogie-woogie, gorilla, gumbo, jazz, voodoo, zebra, zombie ) American Indian languages(avocado, cacao, cannibal, canoe, chocolate, hurricane, potato, tobacco, tomahawk, tomato) Chinese (ketchup, tea) Japanese (geisha, hara kiri, judo, jujitsu, kamikaze, karaoke, kimono, samurai,soy, sumo, sushi, tsunami)

  19. sources: Bryson, Bill. 1990. The Mother Tongue. New York: Avon Books. McCrum, Robert, William Cran, and Robert MacNeil. 1987. The Story of English. New York: Penguin Books. http://celticmythpodshow.com/Resources/Galleries/Stonehenge/Stonehenge.php http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/primaryhistory/anglo_saxons/who_were_the_anglo-saxons/ http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/history/sites/themes/society/language_romans.shtml http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/primaryhistory/vikings/who_were_the_vikings/ http://www.englishplacenames.co.uk/ http://www.essentialnormanconquest.com/story/introduction.htm http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~kemmer/Words/loanwords.html

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