American History Recap: Key Events and Concepts Examined

1. Benchmark # 1 Review Bring a #2 pencil to class tomorrow

2. John Locke • Representative government • Consent of governed • Natural “unalienable” rights • U.S. declaration of independence • Life, liberty, property • Ideas followed by Thomas Jefferson • Enlightenment • Truth vs. faith • Caused people to question traditional authority • Monarchy & Religion

3. Constitution and Bill of Rights • The great compromise • Brought equal representation by combining two plans for government that small and large states agreed with • Checks and balances • Flexible, can change • Supreme law of land • Above all other laws • 1st 10 amendments (BofR) • Protect personal freedoms

4. Supreme court, civil war, reconstruction • Supreme Court under John Marshal • SC could review constitutionality of state and federal laws • Because of CW • Northern economy expanded and became more prosperous than ever • Reconstruction • Led to disenfranchisement of most AA in the south, their rights are taken away through poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clause

5. The Jungle • Helped pass meat inspection act • Factories • Dangerous difficult jobs • Factor that limited growth of labor unions • Employers were hostile efforts to organize • Sherman Anti trust to limit labor activities • Majority of early immigrants settled in cities • Jobs • Irish immigrants were persecuted because they were catholic

6. Mormons and Jews also persecuted because of religion • Indust. Rev. • More people settled in NE & midwest • Factories built near waterways • North had more factories because they had a short agricultural season • Anti-immigration (nativism) • Competition for jobs • Americanization movement to make them more American

7. Political Machines • Corrupt, election fraud, graft, friend of immigrants • Muckrakers • Exposed corruption of U.S. society • Monopolies • Take away competition, bad for consumers • Gov’t stance on economy of late 1800s • Laissez-faire capitalism- no gov’t interference

8. Assembly Line • Ford, increased efficiency in production • International trade • Because U.S. had surplus of goods because IR • New markets to sell to and get raw materials from • Gov’t placed tariffs on imports to protect U.S. business • Social Darwinism • Overcome and eliminate weaker competition

9. Reform movement • Inspired settlement houses • Jane Adams’ Hull House • Social Gospel • Reconstruct U.S. society • Along with social Darwinism • Tried to address social conditions of an industrial society

10. Populist Party • Farmers & workers • Supported public ownership of RR to help small farmers • Opposed switching to gold standard • It would tighten money, and limit access to money for farmers and workers • Goal: • For gov’t to be more efficient and responsive to public needs

11. Suffrage- Women’s right to vote • Suffragettes- women who wanted the right o vote • Interstate Commerce Commission • During Roosevelt’s term, power to regulate RR rates • Puritan views and attitudes, hard work for common goals

12. Religious Revivals • Revival meetings were held outside, lasted for days, and included emotional sermons. • 1st Great Awakening- spread through colonies, led to questioning of traditional authority • 2nd Great Awakening- inspire people to try to reform society • Establishment clause of 1st amendment • Prohibits the gov’t from establishing a state religion

13. 2nd GA and Social Gospel were similar • Both were concerned with improving society • Reason 1st amendment was added to constitution • To protect citizens from gov’t interference in religion • Many different religions exist in U.S. because of immigration and religious freedom…as a result more people are members of non-Christian religions now