ABC Book of History

1. ABC Book of History Shardee Henderson 2nd period May 19, 2011

2. Amendment • An addition to a formal document such as the Constitution • Abolitionist • A person who strongly favors during away with slavery • Anthony, Susan B. • Organized the country’s first women’s temperance association • Adams, Samuel • Started an organization called the Sons of Liberty

3. Blockade • Cut off area by means of troops or warships to stop supplies or people from coming in or going out; to close off cities ports • Boston Massacre • March 5, 1770, angry towns people moved through the streets of Boston. That angered the British soldiers and they fired and killed 5 colonist. • Bessemer Process • Used blasts of cold air to burn off impurities from heated iron • Bill of Rights, English • Provided an important model for the American Bill of Rights

4. Cash Crop • Farm crop raised to be sold for money • Canal • An artificial waterway • Cotton Gin • A machine that removed seeds from cotton fiber • Census • Official count of a population

5. Daughter of Liberty • Urged Americans to wear there own goods • Drought • Long period of time with little rainfall • Dix, Dorthea • Educated the public about poor conditions of the mentally ill and the prisoners • Declaration of Independence • A document Thomas Jefferson wrote to declare there independence from Great Britain

6. Enlightenment • Movement during the 1700’s that knowledge, reason, and science could improve society • Electoral College • A special group of voters selected by their states voters to vote for the president and vice president • Emancipate • To free from slavery • Executive Branch • The branch of government, headed by the president, that carries out the nation’s law and policies

7. Franklin, Benjamin • an inventor and author, helped write the Declaration of Independence • Fort Sumter • First battle of the civil War • French and Indian War • War in America in which French and its Indian allies opposed England (1754-1760) • French Revolution • In 1789, overthrew the monarchy of the Bourbons and the Napoleons overthrow of the Directory and seized the power in 1799

8. Gold Rush • A large scale and hasty movement of people to a region where gold has been discovered , in California in 1849 • Guerrilla Warfare • A hit and run technique used in fighting a war • Grant, Ulysses S. • 18th president of the United States 1869-1877: Union general in the Civil War • Guerrilla Tactics • Referring to surprise attacks of raids rather than organized warfare

9. Human Rights • Fundamental rights that belong to an individual • Hamilton, Alexander • The 1st Secretary of the Treasury (1789-11797) Henry , Patrick American patriot • House of Burgesses • Assembly of representation colonial Virginia

10. Implied Powers • Powers not specifically mentioned in the Constitution • Interchangeably Parts • Uniform pieces that can be made in large quantities to replace other identical parts • Industrial Revolution • The change from a agrarian society to one based on industry which began in Great Britain and spread to the United States around 1800 • Internal Improvements • Federal projects such as canals and roads, to develop the nations transportation system

11. Judicial Review • The right of the Supreme Court to determine if the law violates the Constitution • Jackson, Andrew • U.S. general; 7th president of the United States (1829- 1837) • Jefferson, Thomas • United States diplomat, architect, and author; 3rd president of the United States • Jay, John • 1st Chief Justice of the U.S.(1789- 1795)

12. Knox, Henry • American Revolutionary general; 1st U.S. Secretary of War (1785- 1794) • Keelboat • Shallow freight boat , that has keel to permit sailing in the wind • Kansas-Nebraska Act • An act of Congress in 1854 annulling the Missouri Compromise

13. Loyalist • American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence • Legislative Branch • The branch of government that makes the nation’s laws • Laissez-Faire • A policy that government should interfere as little as possible in the nations economy • Log Cabin Campaign • Name given to William Henry Harrison’s campaign for the presidency in 1840

14. Manifest Destiny • The in popular in the U.S. during the 1800’s that the country must expand its boundaries if the Pacific • Mayflower Compact • A formal document, written in 1620, that provided law and order to the Plymouth colony • Minutemen • Companies of civilian soldiers that say they were ready to fight at a minutes notice • Marshall, John • United States general; Secretary of State (1947- 1949)

15. Neutral Rights • The right to sail the seas and not take sides n war • Northwest Passage • Water route to Asia through North America sought by European explores • Neutral • Taking no side in ac onflict • National Debt • The amount of money a government owes to other government or its people

16. Oregon Trail • A route used during the U.S. westward migration (1840-1860) • Olive Branch Petition • Petition that assured the king of the colonists desire for peace • Oklahoma Territory • The land that Congress set aside for Indians • Ordinance • A law or regulation

17. Patriots • American colonist who were determined to fight the British until American independence was won