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RESEARCH GAME GRWS Good Research Well Studied

RESEARCH GAME GRWS Good Research Well Studied. Prunus laurocerasus (Taflan).

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RESEARCH GAME GRWS Good Research Well Studied

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  1. RESEARCH GAME GRWS GoodResearchWellStudied

  2. Prunus laurocerasus (Taflan) • Prunus laurocerasus, alsoknown as cherrylaurel, commonlaurelandsometimes English laurel in North America, is an evergreenspecies of cherry (Prunus), nativetoregionsborderingthe Black Sea in southwesternAsiaandsoutheastern Europe, fromAlbaniaandBulgariaeastthroughTurkeytotheCaucasusMountainsandnorthern Iran. • Prunus laurocerasus is a vigorous, large, spreadingevergreenshrubwithhandsome, glossydarkgreenleavesto 15cm in length. Small whiteflowers in erectracemesto 12cm in lengtharefollowedbycherry-likeglossyredfruitssoonturningblack. • Cultivation • Easytogrow in anymoist but well-drainedmoderatelyfertilesoil in sun orpartialshade. Superbhedgingshrub but maybecomechlorotic on poorer, shallowchalkysoils. • Soil • -Moistbut well-drainedorWell-drained • -Acid, Neutralor Alkaline • -Chalk, Loam, SandorClay

  3. Crataegus (Alıç) Crataegusspeciesareshrubsorsmalltrees, mostlygrowingto 5–15 metres (16–49 ft) tall, withsmallpomefruitand (usually) thornybranches. Themostcommontype of bark is smoothgrey in youngindividuals, developingshallowlongitudinalfissureswithnarrowridges in oldertrees. Ecology Hawthornsprovidefoodandshelterformanyspecies of birdsandmammals, andtheflowersareimportantformanynectar-feedinginsects. Hawthornsarealsoused as foodplantsbythelarvae of a largenumber of Lepidopteraspecies; seeList of Lepidopterathatfeed on hawthorns. Hawsareimportantforwildlife in winter, particularlythrushesandwaxwings; thesebirdseatthehawsanddispersetheseeds in theirdroppings.

  4. Crataegus (Alıç) Uses Severalspecies of hawthornhavebeenused in traditionalmedicine, andthere is considerableinterest in testinghawthornproductsforevidence-basedmedicine. TheproductsbeingtestedareoftenderivedfromC. monogyna, C. laevigata, orrelatedCrataegusspecies, "collectivelyknown as hawthorn", not necessarilydistinguishingbetweenthesespecies, whichareverysimilar in appearance. Thedriedfruits of Crataeguspinnatifida (calledshānzhā in Chinese) areused in naturopathicmedicineandtraditionalChinesemedicine, primarily as a digestiveaid. A closelyrelatedspecies, Crataeguscuneata (Japanesehawthorn, calledsanzashi in Japanese) is used in a similarmanner. Otherspecies (especiallyCrataeguslaevigata) areused in herbalmedicinewheretheplant is believedtostrengthencardiovascularfunction.

  5. Forsythia (Altın Çanağı) Sunnysplashes of brightyellowflowersareforsythia'scallingcard, announcingthereturn of spring. Theblooms on thisolivefamilymemberareslightlybell-shapeandrangefrombutteryellowtogold. Tonurtureforsythia'sgracefulvaseshape, carefulpruning is required. Otherwise, newgrowthsproutsstraightupinto a "badhairday" effect. Thetoothedleaveswilldeepenintopurpletintsjustbeforetheydrop in latefall. Toencouragethebestflowering, plantforsythia in full sun andprovideplenty of waterduringthegrowingseason. For a springspectacle, trainforsythiaagainst a warmwall as an espalier. Cold-wintergardenersshouldlookforcold-hardycultivarstoguaranteeplenty of bloomscomespring.

  6. Forsythia (Altın Çanağı) Twospecies of forsythiaare at theheart of theselectedforms, forbothspeciesarevariable, andgardenhybrids: ForsythiasuspensaandF. viridissima. "Thesetwospeciesare, as it were, thefounder-members of theforsythiafamily" writes Alice Coats; theyweretheearliestspeciesbroughtinto Western gardensfromthe Far East andtheyhaveeachplayed a role in the modern gardenshrubs. Uses Forsythiasare popular earlyspringfloweringshrubs in gardensandparks. Twoarecommonlycultivatedforornament, Forsythia × intermediaandForsythiasuspensa. Theyarebothspringfloweringshrubs, withyellowflowers. Theyaregrownandprizedforbeingtough, reliablegardenplants. Forsythia × intermedia is themorecommonlygrown, is smaller, has an uprighthabit, andproducesstronglycolouredflowers. Forsythiasuspensa is a largetoverylargeshrub, can be grown as a weepingshrub on banks, and has palerflowers. Manynamedgardencultivars can also be found. Forsythia is frequentlyforcedindoors in theearlyspring.

  7. Ardıç (Juniperus) • Junipersvary in size andshapefromtalltrees, 20–40 m tall, tocolumnarorlowspreadingshrubswithlongtrailingbranches. Theyareevergreenwithneedle-likeand/orscale-likeleaves. They can be eithermonoeciousordioecious. • Classification • Thenumber of juniperspecies is in dispute, withtworecentstudiesgivingverydifferenttotals, Farjon (2001) accepting 52 species, and Adams (2004) accepting 67 species. Thejunipersaredividedintoseveralsections, though (particularlyamongthescale-leavedspecies) whichspeciesbelongtowhichsections is still far fromclear, withresearchstill on-going. • -Juniperussect. Juniperus: • -Juniperussect. Sabina:

  8. Ardıç (Juniperus) CultivationandUses Many of theearliestprehistoricpeoplelived in ornearjuniperforestswhichfurnishedthemfood, fuel, andwoodforshelterorutensils. Manyspecies, such as J. chinensis (ChineseJuniper) fromeasternAsia, areextensivelyused in landscapingandhorticulture, and as one of themost popular speciesforuse in bonsai. It is also a symbol of longevity, strength, athleticism, andfertility. SomejunipersaresusceptibletoGymnosporangiumrustdisease, and can be a serious problem forthosepeoplegrowingappletrees, thealternatehost of thedisease.

  9. Bahar Dalı(ChaenomelesJaponica) Culture Easilygrown in average, mediummoisture, well-drainedsoil in full sun topartshade. Best floweringoccurs in full sun. Adaptsto a widerange of soilconditions, but preferswell-drainedloams. Establishedplantstoleratesomedrysoils. Plantsbloom on oldgrowth. Avoidheavypruning. Prunetoshape as needed in springafterfloweringtostimulategrowth of floweringspurswhichwillimprovebloomforthefollowingyear (althoughsuchpruningwillreducefruitproductionforthecurrentyear). Promptlyremoverootsuckerstocontrolpossible spread. NoteworthyCharacteristics Japanesequince is a low-growing, densely-branched, deciduousshrubwithspiny, often-tangled, gray-browntwigs. Ittypicallygrowsto 3’ tall but spreadsto 6' wide. Five-petaled, orange-scarletflowers (to 1.5” across) withcreamywhitestamensbloombeforetheleavesunfold in an oftenshowyearlyspringfloraldisplay. Flowersarefollowedby hard, greenish-yellowfruits (1.5” pomesthatarecommonlycalledquinces) whichripen in earlyautumn. Ripequincesarefragrant. Quincesareedible, but usuallyareconsideredtoo bitter to be eatendirectlyfromtheshrub. Quincesaresometimesusedtomakepreservesandjellies. Coarsely-toothed, broad-oval, greenleaves (to 2” long). No appreciablefallcolor.

  10. Bahar Dalı(ChaenomelesJaponica) Problems Susceptibletofungalleaf spot (particularly in yearswithheavyspringrainfall) which can causeconsiderableleafdefoliation. Fireblightandscab can be problems in someareas. Aphids can causesignificantdamagetonewgrowth. Lesserpestsincludescaleandmites. Chlorosis (yellowing of foliage) willoccur in highpHsoils. Flowerbudsaresusceptibletosignificantdamagefromearlyspringfrosts.

  11. Bahar Dalı(ChaenomelesJaponica) Loniceraetrusca is a species of honeysuckleknownbythecommon name Etruscanhoneysuckle. It is nativeto Europe and it is knownelsewhere, includingthe Pacific Northwest of North America, as an introducedspecieswhere it has escapedcultivation. It is kept in gardens as an ornamentalplant. This is a deciduousperennialclimberwhich can reachlengths of 6 meters. It is linedwith oval leavesseveralcentimeterslongandbears dense spikes of flowerswithpairs of fusedleaves at thebases. Eachflower has an elongatedtubularcorollaupto 5 centimeterslongdividedpartwayintotwolips. Theflower is lightyellowtopalereddish-pink. Thestamensandstyleprotrudefromtheflower'smouth. Thefruit is a brightredroundedberry.

  12. Cornus mas(Kızılcık) Cornus mas is a slow-growing, smalltreeorlargeshrubpreferring sun orpartialshadeand a well-drainedsoil. Flowersareproduced in northernareas but most of thesouthlacksthechillinghoursrequiredto set flowerbuds. `Spring Glow' is theonecultivarwhichwillflower in thesouth. Thegrowth rate is moderateandyoungplantstransplanteasily. Bark is veryshowyand is oftendisplayedbyremovinglowerfoliage. A height of 15 to 25 feetand spread of 12 to 18 feet can be expected, eventually. Theyellowflowersproduced in veryearlyspringaresimilartoForsythiaandarefollowedbyredfruitwhich is edibleandpartiallyhiddenbythefoliage. Thefallcolor is red. Cornus mas respondswelltopruningandmay be used as a hedgeplant.

  13. Cornus mas(Kızılcık) Useand Management Theonce popular species has fallenout of thetraderecently but deserves a comeback. It is pestfreeandgrowswell on a variety of soilincludingclay. Soilshould be keptmoistwithgooddrainage. Mulchingencouragesbetterrootgrowthandmoderatedroughttolerance. But not consideredhighlydroughttolerantbyanymeans. Grows in sun topartshade. Use it as a specimenor in a monoculturegroupplantingorshrubborder. Thefruitmakes an excellent tart jelly - alsoattractsbirds. Makes an excellentpatiotree in theyardandshould be plantedmore.

  14. Cornus mas(Kızılcık) Rosacanina is a variabledeciduousshrub, nativeto Europe, West AsiaandAfrica. Itsarching, thornystemsproducepinnateleaves, approximately 6-7cm long, comprised of 5-7 oval-shapedleaflets, withserratedmargins. Small leaf-likeappendages - known as stipules - arepresent on allrosefamilyplants. Habitat Rosacaninalovestogrow in woodlands, copses, scrub, andhedges, throughout Britain, uptoaltitudes of 550 metres. Whereofferedsupport, they can climbhighintotrees. ThesmallerHedgehogrose (an introducedspecies), will be foundgrowing at altitudes of upto 400 metres. Allroses can be grown in sun orlightshade, andthrive in well-drained, slightlyacidsoil. 

  15. Cornus mas(Kızılcık) Uses Theastringency of rosacanina can helprelievedysenteryanddiarrhoea. Inaddition, thevariousflavonoids, coupledwiththe Vitamin C, havepotentantioxidantactionandhelpprotectthe body fromnumerousinternalandexternalstresses. Thehigh vitamin C content of rosehipswilltherefore be extremelyuseful in preventingandfightinginfections, colds, flu, andpneumonia, (syrup is theclassicwaytopreservehips).  Rosacaninaalsohavemildlaxativeanddiureticproperties, and can helptreaturinaryinfections. Theironcontent in rosehipsmakesthem an excellentsupplementformenstruatingwomen. Theseedoilextractedfromrosehips is of value in reducingscartissueandstretchmarkscausedbypregnancyandbirthing, duetoitstissueregenerationproperties. 

  16. Mahonia(Mahonya) Mahoniawasnamedby Thomas Nuttallafter an Irishpoliticalrefugee, Bernard M'Mahonwho set towork in Americabyopening a seedshop in Philidelphia, andpublishedtheAmericanGardener'sCalendar in 1806.  Mahoniais a genus of about 70 species of evergreenshrubsfound in woodlandsandrockyareas of theHimalaya, East Asia, Central and North America. Theyarecommongardenshrubs, grownfortheirattractivefoliage, bright, fragrantflowers, anddecorativeandediblefruits. Theflowerslooklikeyellowlily-of-the-valleyandthefoliage is darkgreenandshiny. Themahonia'sblue-black, clusteredfruitsgiverisetoitscommon name of Oregon grape. Theseacidicfruits can be eatenraworcooked, but arerather nice raw, especiallywhenaddedtomuesliorporridge. Unfortunately, theyhaverelativelylittlefleshand a lot of seeds!

  17. Mahonia(Mahonya) Berberin, present in theroots of mahoniaspecies, has markedantibacterialeffectsand is used as a bitter tonic. Berberin is alsoreportedtohave anti-tumourproperties. Severalspeciesare popular gardenshrubs, grownfortheirornamental, oftenspiny, evergreenfoliage, yellowflowers in autumn, winterandearlyspring, andblue-blackberries. Theflowersareborne in terminal clustersorspreadingracemes, andmay be amongtheearliestflowerstoappear in thegrowingseason. Theberriesareedible, andrich in vitamiC, thoughwith a verysharpflavor.

  18. WellResearches

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