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Advanced Submersible Aircraft for Coastal Insertion Missions

This project aims to design an innovative submersible aircraft to maintain the U.S. tactical advantage for coastal insertion missions. Key features include carrying personnel and cargo, operation in various sea conditions, and advanced communication systems. The design focuses on optimizing communication, electrical conductivity, and underwater travel efficiency. Future work may involve further propulsion enhancements and operational testing.

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Advanced Submersible Aircraft for Coastal Insertion Missions

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  1. PROJECT AIRNAUTILUS Fall 2009

  2. Statement of Need • Assure that the U.S. maintains its tactical advantage for future coastal insertion missions (ref: DARPA BAA-09-06)

  3. Motivation

  4. Objective System

  5. AirNautilus

  6. Final Design Layout

  7. Operating Environment • Carry up to eight personnel with equipment ~113 kg per person = ~900 kg total • Carry an additional 900 kg of cargo • Cruise altitude ~5,200 meters • Tactical approach altitude ~5-10 meters

  8. Requirements • Sea state five conditions • 21-25 knot winds • Wave height 2.5-3.7 meters • Average period 5.5-7 seconds • Average wave length 32-48 meters • Submersing one atmosphere (~10 meters) to avoid detection • Land on water

  9. Communications

  10. Communication • Penetration ability of wave with various frequencies into sea water • Antenna design to operate as a submarine as well as an aircraft

  11. Communication • Attenuation of wave into water • Electrical conductivity  • Fresh water = 0.01 S/m • Sea water = 4 S/m • Skin depth = • Sea water • Thick electrical conductor, RF don’t travel well • Non-magnetic material • Balance between: • Penetration and antenna length

  12. Communication • Types of submarine antenna • HI-Q-4/2-30 Mast • Short HF 2-30 MHZ • ¼ wave length antenna • Fully encapsulated for environmental protection • h=50”, d=5.94”, m=18 lbs • Lower mast (drive motor 24 VDC) • upper mast (Re-entrant Coaxial Cap-hat) • loading coil (movable  continuously tunedin 2-30MHz range), • antenna controller

  13. Communication • Types of submarine antenna • Buoyant cable • VLF/LF/MF/HF (10 KHz - 35 MHz) • l=610-730m, d=0.01651m,specific gravity=1.19kg/m • Just for receiving when at max depth (1 way comm.) • Slow transmission rate ~ few characters per minute

  14. Communication • Air Craft Antenna • VHF communication is light-of-sight • One antenna at the top-one at the bottom • VHF Civil Aviation Band (108 to 136.975 MHz) • BW = 18.975 MHz •  ≈ 2.2 m • Fiberglass Rigid Antenna • Good Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) • ¼ wave antennas • Coax cable • Must be 50 Ω coax (for aircraft) • inner wire and an outer braid or shield • outer braid is also ‘earths’, which suppressesoutside interference • BNC connector (light, weather proof) • Radio

  15. Electrical

  16. Transition • Start electric motor • Seal all water entry points • Shut down turbo-fan engines • Perform nitrogen purge of turbo-fan engines • Flood turbofans with fuel • Flood the wings with surrounding sea water • Increase motor RPM to 75% of total power • Check battery charge status

  17. Transition • Reduce motor to idle (10%) • Switch main power source to electric motor • Verify electrical system operation • Verify sife support systems are operational • Presurize cockpit • Slowly Submerge

  18. Electrical Schematic

  19. Underwater Travel: Electrical Powering the aircraft • According to ourresearchwefoundthat the aircraftneeded 50kW whilesubmerged, safety factor included • Total amount of power required for underwateroperationbothwaysassumingwetake 10 hoursis 500kW • A Reliance Baldor 1000HP electric motor will power the propellers • The motorwilldraw power from an array of batteries • Number of batteries on board: 44k

  20. Underwater Travel: Propeller • Prop was optimized to find basic prop needs: • 5 knot Speed • 300 kW per prop • 1000 RPM • 0.5 Gearbox Reduction Ratio • 28 cm Diameter • 0.61 m Pitch • 56% Slip • Four blades for smaller diameter

  21. Resurfacing

  22. Resurfacing

  23. Stability • Longitudinal Stability • The longer after-body as compare to fore-body will maintain longitudinal stability by adding adequate canard moment arms • Lateral Stability • Two water skis on the tips of each wing are providing; • Lateral stability to submersible aircraft • Weather-vane to face wind when at rest, or during taxiing at low speed

  24. Miscellaneous

  25. Propulsion

  26. Water Landing: Impact Force • Aircraft weight: • 266,893.297 N (60,000 lbs) • Descent Rate: • -3.5 meters per second normal to water • Vertical Speed Stop Time: • 1 second • Pressure: • 3.418 kN/m2 • Force: • 95.25 kN

  27. Submersion • Static Diving • Ballast tanks • For our aircraft specifications • Fb = 207 kN • 21000 kg of water • 20.57 m3 • Single hull design • 22m3of free space for our components

  28. Corrosion • Titanium Alloy Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) • 90.0% Ti, 6.0% Al, 4.0% V, 0.25% Fe, 0.20% O • Often used in airframes, blades, fasteners • Great corrosion resistance • Density: 4.43 g/cm3 • Thickness: 3 mm Ti-6Al-4V blisk manufactured for the JSF

  29. Conclusions

  30. Future Work

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