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Launching a New Republic, 1789 – 1800. Washington’s Presidency. The leaders of the new nation face the challenges of establishing a strong economy and a stable, democratic government. Washington Takes Office. George Washington inaugurated, sworn in, as 1st U.S. President (1789)
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Washington’s Presidency • The leaders of the new nation face the challenges of establishing a strong economy and a stable, democratic government.
Washington Takes Office • George Washington inaugurated, sworn in, as 1st U.S. President (1789) • John Adams, first vice-president • Washington knows every action as president will set a precedent • Congress agrees to call Washington “Mr. President”
Setting Up the Courts • Congress passes the Federal Judiciary Act (1789) • Gives Supreme Court six members • 1 Chief Justice or Judge • 5 Associate Judges • The number of Judges later grows to nine • Act also provides for lower federal courts • John Jay is named Chief Justice
Washington’s Cabinet • Congress creates 3 departments to help the president: • War department • State department • Treasury department • Heads of departments are president’s cabinet
Secretary of State • Secretary of State, Thomas Jefferson, oversees diplomatic relations
Secretary of War • Secretary of War, Henry Knox, Oversees the nation’s defense
Attorney General • Attorney general, Edmund Randolf, gives legal advice
Secretary of Treasury • Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton, manages U.S. finances
FOR UNDERSTANDING QUICK CHECK
1) Thomas Paine 2) John Adams 3) George Washington 4) Alexander Hamilton ______ was inaugurated as president on April 30, 1789.
1) John Adams 2) Alexander Hamilton 3) Thomas Jefferson 4) John Jay ______ of Massachusetts became Washington’s Vice President.
In 1789, Congress passed the_______ which established the federal court system. • Administration of Justice Act • Department of Justice • Supreme Court • Judiciary Act
1) Eight associate justices 2) Nine Federal Court justices and one chief justice. 3) Three Supreme Court justices. 4) Five associate justices and one chief justice. The Supreme Court of 1789 was characterized by:
1) John Adams 2) James Madison 3) John Jay 4) Henry Knox ______ was appointed by Washington as the Supreme Court’s first chief justice.
The headsof departments are known as the president’s… 1. Kitchen sink 2. Closet 3. Cabinet 4. Committee
1) Henry Knox 2) Thomas Jefferson 3) John Jay 4) Edmond Randolph Washington’s secretary of war was ______ .
1) Edmond Randolph 2) Alexander Hamilton 3) John Knox 4) Thomas Jefferson Washington’s secretary of state was ______ .
1) Edmond Randolph 2) Thomas Jefferson 3) John Jay 4) Alexander Hamilton Washington’s attorney general was ______ .
1) Edmond Randolph 2) John Knox 3) Alexander Hamilton 4) John Jay Washington’s secretary of the treasury was ______ .
Economic Problems • By 1789, U.S. has a huge national debt - $52 million • U.S. must pay debt to gain respect of other countries
Hamilton’s Plan • Alexander Hamilton’s financial plan shows his belief in: • A strong central government • Government encouraging business, industry • Pay debt to nation’s wealth, gain their support for government
Hamilton’s Financial Plan • Alexander Hamilton proposes 3 step financial plan to Congress (1790) • Pay off all war debts • Raise government revenues • Create a national bank
Problems and Solutions • Many southern states have paid war debts, northern states have not • To gain southern support, U.S. agrees to place capital in South
Hamilton’s financial plan continued • Hamilton supports tariffs (tax on imported goods) because: • Raises money for U.S. government • Encourages growth of U.S. industry • Encourages people to buy American goods
Hamilton calls for National bank, safe for government investments • Bank would make loans to businesses, issue bank notes
Interpreting the Constitution • Thomas Jefferson, James Madison against a national bank • Claim that the Constitution does not allow for a national bank • Thomas Jefferson has a strict interpretation of the Constitution
Alexander Hamilton has a flexible or loose interpretation of Constitution • Claims Congress has power to set up bank • George Washington approves a national bank (1791)
FOR UNDERSTANDING QUICK CHECK
1) duty 2) tariff 3) ratification 4) debt Hamilton proposed raising money by placing a tax, called a ______, on imported goods.
Alexander Hamilton had a _____ interpretation of the Constitution. 1. Weak 2. Expensive 3. Faulty. 4. Loose
Thomas Jefferson had a _____ interpretation of the Constitution. 1. Weak 2. Expensive 3. Strict 4. Faulty
One of the ways that the national government raised money was by • putting a tariff on goods imported from other countries. • Income tax • Selling land acquired after the Revolution • Borrowing money from other countries