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POPULATION

POPULATION. Why Is Population Increasing at Different Rates in Different Countries?. Process of change in a society’s population Moves from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase

deirdra-lombard
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POPULATION

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  1. POPULATION Why Is Population Increasing at Different Rates in Different Countries?

  2. Process of change in a society’s population • Moves from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase • End with a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase and a higher population DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION

  3. Stage 1 – low growth • Prominent in a society that depends on hunting and gathering • Food is scarce, so population remains low • Stage 2 – high growth • Results from a period of industrialization • More inventions and advancements makes it easier to sustain growing population STAGES OF DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION

  4. Stage 3 – moderate growth • Crude birth rate drops sharply, but population continues to grow • MDC were in this stage during the early 20th century • Stage 4 – low growth • Zero population growth (ZPG) – birth rate equals death rate STAGES OF DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION

  5. The Demographic Transition Fig. 2-13: The demographic transition consists of four stages, which move from high birth and death rates, to declines first in death rates then in birth rates, and finally to a stage of low birth and death rates. Population growth is most rapid in the second stage.

  6. World Population & Growth Rates,400,000 BC - AD 2000

  7. Shows the total population in 5-year age groups with the youngest group at the base • Males on the left of the graph; females on the right • Countries in Stage 2 of demographic transition would have more young children • Countries in stage 4 of demographic transition would have more older people POPULATION PYRAMIDS

  8. Dependency ratio – number of people who are too young or too old to work compared to those in their productive years • Dependents – younger than 15; older than 65 • The large number of children in LDCs puts a strain on poorer countries to provide services such as hospitals, schools, day care AGE DISTRIBUTION

  9. Percent of Population under 15 Fig. 2-15: About one-third of world population is under 15, but the percentage by country varies from over 40% in most of Africa and some Asian countries, to under 20% in much of Europe.

  10. Number of males per hundred females in the population • More males are born than females; however, males have a higher death rate • A high mortality rate during childbirth accounts for the small female population in LDCs SEX RATIO

  11. Population Pyramids in U.S. Cities Fig. 2-16: Population pyramids can vary greatly with different fertility rates (Laredo vs. Honolulu), or among military bases (Unalaska), college towns (Lawrence), and retirement communities (Naples).

  12. Rapid Growth in Cape Verde Cape Verde, which entered stage 2 of the demographic transition in about 1950, is experiencing rapid population growth. Its population history reflects the impacts of famines and out-migration.

  13. Moderate Growth in Chile Chile entered stage 2 of the demographic transition in the 1930s, and it entered stage 3 in the 1960s.

  14. Low Growth in Denmark Denmark has been in stage 4 of the demographic transition since the 1970s, with little population growth since then. Its population pyramid shows increasing numbers of elderly and few children.

  15. What reasons can you give that may have contributed to a drop in the crude death rate throughout the world? SOMETHING TO THINK ABOUT . . .

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