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IPM in wheat

IPM in wheat. The EU requires IPM by 2014 - what does this mean???. Blind Chemical control Schematic and routine treatments Chemical control based on advice Recommendation given by region often using broad spectrum pesticides Specific control

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IPM in wheat

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  1. IPM in wheat

  2. The EU requires IPM by 2014 -what does this mean??? • Blind Chemical control • Schematic and routine treatments • Chemical control based on advice • Recommendation given by region often using broad spectrum pesticides • Specific control • Use economic threshold levels. differentiate between pesticides (including impact on beneficials) • Integrated plant protection • Use mainly cultural methods and only limited input of pesticides • Integrated agricultural production • Use and exploit all positive factors in the agro-ecosystem Definition given by IOBC

  3. Two case studies: • fungicides in cereals • herbicides in cereals

  4. Elements in wheat IPM • National monitoring of diseases • Data on variety susceptibility • Data on fungicide efficacy. Need for lots of field trials which support the use of reduced rates • Implematation of threshold models

  5. Need for treatment No need (45 loc.) Monitoring network

  6. Susceptible variety Resistant variety

  7. Major thresholds in wheat

  8. 12 10 8 Gross yield Dt/ha grain per ha 6 4 Net yield 2 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 TFI –dose /ha Appropriate and reduced dosages of fungicides Control of Septoria in wheat -different input 6 trials from DK

  9. Resistant cultivar Susceptible cultivar A: GS 25-31. B: GS 32-36. C: GS 37-50. D: GS 51-64 Optimal dose depends on cultivar and grain price

  10. Development of fungicide use in winter wheat TFI/Relative dose Source: Farmstat/Kleffmann/Pesticide statistics

  11. 15.0 9.8 8.4 Net loss compared with optimum. dt/ha 5.9 5.3 2.1 1.5 1.1 1.0 0.7 Dose. l/ha Source: Danish Agricultural Advisory Service Summary of 73 Danish field trials on ear treatment in winter wheat

  12. Fungicide use stays close to the optimum

  13. Herbicides in cereals • Herbicide performance is affected by many biotic and physicochemical factors such as: • weed flora • growth stage of weeds • crop competitiveness • climatic conditions • application technique • adjuvants • the presence of other pesticides in the spray solution

  14. Efficacy profile for 60 weed species

  15. DSS for weed control

  16. DSS for weed control

  17. Net yield loss compared with optimum dose. dt/ha Treatment Frequency Index Source: Danish Agricultural Advisory Service Summary of 130 Danish field trials on weed control in spring barley

  18. Why is the current herbicide use in cereals onsiderably higher than the targets? • Because an integrated approach was not adopted

  19. Decision-making for weed control is a three step procedure • Consider preventive measures such as crop rotation or cultivation techniques to reduce the potential losses due to weeds • Assess the need to apply herbicides (threshold) • Herbicide choice and dose rate

  20. Monitoring for weeds is difficult and time consuming

  21. Autonomous sprayer with weed sensor. The future?

  22. Conclusions: • Only integrated pest control approaches will be sustainable • Integrated disease and insect control can often be practised without major changes in the cropping practice (1-year perspective) . • Integrated weed management often requires major changes in cropping practices (multi-year perspective)

  23. Barriers for using thresholds and DSS ”As little as possible. as much as neccessary”

  24. Factors influencing the optimal theoretical pestice need Management and available information Spray capacity. No. of hours to spray. timing Other activities on the farm. animal. job? Optimal pesticideuse in DK 1.7-2.3 TFI Climate changes. unknown factors. Poor control experiences Family. spare time. holidays. Risk of crop failure Scaling up trials to fields Problematic areas. limited harvest capacity. Employees. education. working hours Price relations

  25. What do growers want? • Reliable and robust solutions • Economically sound solutions • Simple and easy messages • A dialogue with advisors If they should do something else; they need incentives!

  26. Jokers! • Increasing problems with fungicide resistance • Limitations in available fungicides (DK has no chlorothalonil, prochloraz) • Registration of ”heavy-loaded fungicides” triazole mixtures! • Climate changes have been estimated to increase disease risk and TFI

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