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A Case Study of Brominated Flame Retardants

A Case Study of Brominated Flame Retardants. Meelika Koitjärv 000502. Abstract. Concentartes on a comparison between a TV with an enclosure manufactured from V0 rated High Impact Polystyrene and one with HB rated HIPS

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A Case Study of Brominated Flame Retardants

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  1. A Case Study of Brominated Flame Retardants Meelika Koitjärv 000502

  2. Abstract • Concentartes on a comparison between a TV with an enclosure manufactured from V0 rated High Impact Polystyrene and one with HB rated HIPS • Use of V0 rated enclosure material essentially removes the risk of TV fires while approximately 165 TV fires occur per million TVs in Europe each year

  3. Introduction • Fire-LCA model aims at weighing the environmental benefit of a high level of fire safety, in terms of a reduction in the size and number of fires • Fire-LCA model includes emissions associated with production of the flame retardant • The product chosen for the Fire-LCA model is a TV set

  4. TV fire statistics • Most countries keep detailed fire statistics • Variation between sources within a country and between different countries: - Fire brigades large fires - Insurance companies both large and small - Europe vs. USA

  5. TV Fire Statistics • In Europe: 100 TV fires due to internal ignition, 65 TV fires due to external ignition and 160 TV fires TVs where the TV enclosure is not breached in the incident. • In US: a total of 5 TV/million TVs occur each year in the US. These fires are classified as minor in the LCA model as the US TV found through experimentation to be extremely difficult to ignite.

  6. Tabel 1 Fire-LCA input for European TV and US TV denoting all fires European TV US TV 58 minor 5 minor 88 TV only 8 full room 11 full house

  7. LCA model • The fire emissions data for the “TV only” and “full room” categories in Table 1 were obtained through full scale experiments. • These were measured including HCl, Hbr, HCN, NOx, SO2, furans. • LCA evaluates the environmantal situation based on ecological effects and resource use but does not cover the economical or social effects.

  8. Figure 1 Fire-LCA model

  9. LCA RESULTS

  10. Scenarios

  11. Energy use

  12. CO2 emissions to air

  13. The emissions of PAH

  14. Conclusion • Minor energy difference between FR and NFR alternatives • Fire small source of CO, CO2, NOx ... • NFR: FR TV – differences most marked for large organic species • PAH most significant toxicologically • Full risk of analysis must consider risk for death and injury from fires: 16 dead, 197 injured in Europe each year from TV fires

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