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Types of Joints and the Anatomy of the Synovial Joint

Types of Joints and the Anatomy of the Synovial Joint. What is an Articulation (Joint). Point of contact between two bones **There are three types of joints. 1. Fibrous Joints. Also called “sutures”

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Types of Joints and the Anatomy of the Synovial Joint

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  1. Types of Joints and the Anatomy of the Synovial Joint

  2. What is an Articulation (Joint) • Point of contact between two bones **There are three types of joints

  3. 1. Fibrous Joints • Also called “sutures” • These joints are bound tightly together by connective tissue and allows ZERO movement (immovable joint) • Ex. Interlocking bones of the skull

  4. 2. Cartilaginous Joints • Occur where the body of one bone connects to the body of another bone by means of cartilage and allows SLIGHT movement • Ex. Intervertebral discs

  5. 3. Synovial Joints • Occurs where bony surfaces are separated by a lubricating fluid (synovia) and by cartilage • Also joined by ligaments, which enclose the ends of articulating bones and form the synovial-containing capsule • Allows MOST movement

  6. Examples of Synovial Joints Knee Ankle Elbow Shoulder

  7. Parts of Synovial Joint

  8. 1. Articulating Cartilage • Allow for smooth contact surface • Acts as a shock absorber

  9. 2. Joint Cavity • Located between two bony articulating surfaces • Filled with synovial fluid (joint lubricant) • Essential in reducing friction and providing nutrients for articulating cartilage

  10. 3. Joint Capsule • Fibrous structure that consist of the: • Synovial membrane (allows certain nutrients to pass through to synovial fluid) • Fibrous capsule (keeps synovial fluid from leaking) ** Membrane is medial to capsule

  11. 4. Bursae • Small flattened sacs • Prevents friction between tendons, ligaments and bones

  12. Intrinsic Ligaments • Thick bands of fibrous connective tissue • Helps thicken and reinforce the joint capsule • Ex. Forming the joint capsule or the meniscus of the knee

  13. Extrinsic Ligaments • Separate from the joint capsule and help to reinforce the joint by attaching bones together

  14. Types of Synovial Joints

  15. Gliding Joint • Also known as a “plane” or “arthrodial” joint • Connects flat or slightly curved bone surfaces • Ex. Joints between tarsals • Ex. Joints between carpals

  16. Hinge Joints • Also known as a “ginglymus” joint • Think of the hinge of a door… • Convex portion of one bone fitting into a concave portion of another • Allows movement on one plane • Ex. Joint between phalanges • Ex. Joint between humerus and ulna • Ex. Joint between femur and tibia

  17. Pivot Joints • Also known as a “trochoid” joint • Allows rotation in one plane (uni-axial) • A rounded point of one bone fits into a groove of another • Ex. Atlantoaxial joint (between atlas and axis– shake head “no”) • Ex. Between radius and ulna at humerus

  18. Ellipsoid Joints • Allows movement on two planes (bi-axial) • Ex. Metaphalangeal joint

  19. Saddle Joints • Allows movement in two planes • Movements include flexion/extension and abduction/adduction • Does not have a ball-and-socket rotation • Ex. Carpo-metacarpal articulation

  20. Ball and Socket Joint • Also known as a “spherodial” joint • “Ball” at one bone fits into the “socket” of another, allowing movements around all three axis • Ex. Hip • Ex. Shoulder

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