DGP

1. DGP Assistance

2. Part I • Identify the Part of Speech of each word in this week’s sentence. • Noun: Person, place, or thing • Pronoun: Replaces a noun (he, she, we, etc.) • Verb: Action or state of being or links the subject to a word • Adjective: Describes a noun or pronoun. Tells Which one? How many? What kind? • Adverb: Modifies a verb, adverb, or adjective. Tells How? When? Where? To what extent? • Conjunction: Connects words with and, or, etc. • Preposition: Shows relationship between noun and other parts of the sentence. • Interjection: Expresses strong emotion

3. Part II Complete Subjects and Predicates • Complete Predicate • The part of the sentence thatsays something about the subject. • Contains the verb • Complete Subject • The part of the sentence about which something is being said

4. Part II Simple Subject and Predicate Simple Subject Simple predicate • The simple subject is the main word or essential NOUN/pronoun in the complete subject. • The simple predicate is the essential VERB or the main word /group of words in the predicate.

5. Part II Complements The direct object Compound direct objects • Receives the action expressed by the verb or names the result of the action. • Answers the questions whom? or what ? after the verb • Mom bought new curtains for my bedroom. • More than one noun, pronoun, or group of words acting as a noun that receives the action of the same transitive verb • We painted the walls and woodwork.

6. Indirect objects • Before the direct object and tells to whom/what or for whom/what the action of the verb is done. • Never follows the word to or for • Find verb • Ask “To whom/what?” or “For whom/what?” • S V IO DO • The clerk sold me the wrong size. (Sold to whom? To me) • S V IO DO • I gave the car a coat of wax. (Gave to what? To the car) NOTE: You do not need to rephrase questions into statements.

7. Subject complements Predicate nominatives Predicate adjectives • Noun or pronoun that follows a linking verb and renames, identifies, or explains the subject of a sentence. • S V PN • Jackson became a superstar. (Superstar renames Jackson.) • PN V S • The better player is Tim. • (Tim identifies player.) • Adjective that follows a linking verb and describes the subject of the sentence. • S V PN • The pizza smelled delicious. • (Delicious describes pizza.) • S V PN • Harry is always late. • (Late describes Harry.)

8. Phrases Definitions • Preposition (examples): across, after, against, around, at, before, below, between, by, during, except, for, from, in, of, off, on, over, since, through, to, under, until, with, according to, because of, Instead of, etc. • Gerund: Verb acting like a noun; ends in –ing • Reading is fun. I enjoy shopping. • Participle: Verb acting like an adjective; ends in –ing or –ed • I have running shoes. I was frightened. • Infinitive: to + verb; can act like a noun • I like to eat. I need a pen to write.

9. Part II Phrases • Appositive: noun or pronoun that follows and renames another noun or pronoun • My son, Matt, likes trains. • 2) Prepositional: group of words beginning with a preposition and ending with a noun or pronoun • adjective: I want a room with a view. • or adverb: His house is on the lake. • 3) Gerund: Gerund plus its modifiers and objects • Writing long essays can be fun. • 4) Participle: Participle plus its modifiers and objects • Running down the hall, he bumped into the principal. • 5) Infinitive: Infinitive plus its modifiers and objects • He likes to eat pepperoni pizza.

10. Gerunds and Participles will ALWAYS end in –ing Participles will DESCRIBE something (act as an adjective) Gerunds will act as a noun NOTE

11. Gerunds may serve multiple purposes in a sentence. Singing is very enjoyable. SUBJECT Susan enjoys singing. DIRECT OBJECT Susan gave singing her full attention. INDIRECT OBJECT Her favorite activity is singing. PREDICATE NOUN Susan enjoys an afternoon of singing. OBJECT OF A PREPOSTION Susan’s favorite hobby, singing, brought her joy. APPOSITIVE Gerunds

12. Part III Clauses Independent Clauses Dependent Clauses • Every sentence will ALWAYS have an independent clause. • An independent clause can stand alone. • A dependent clause can NEVER stand alone. • A dependent clause must have a subject and a verb.

13. Part III Sentence Types • Simple: One independent clause • Compound: Two or more independent clauses • Complex: One independent clause and one or more dependent clauses • Compound-Complex: Two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses

14. Clauses • A clause is a sentence that contains a subject and a verb. • If a sentence contains only one subject and only one verb (verb phrase), it is an independent clause. • A sentence can only be compound-complex if it has more than one subject and more than one verb.

15. Part III Sentence Purpose • A declarative sentence makes a statement and ends in a period. • An interrogative sentence asks a question and ends in a question mark. • An imperative sentence gives a command. • An exclamatory sentence expresses strong feelings and ends in an exclamation point.