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The Internet

Internet Basics. The Internet . Internet Basics. How does the Internet work?. The Internet is a collection of local, regional, national, and international computer networks that are linked together to exchange data and distribute processing tasks

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The Internet

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  1. Internet Basics The Internet

  2. Internet Basics How does the Internet work? • The Internet is a collection of local, regional, national, and international computer networks that are linked together to exchange data and distribute processing tasks • The main high capacity routes of the Internet are referred to as the Internet backbone. • Communication between all of the different devices on the Internet is made possible by TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol) Page 2

  3. Internet Basics Where is all of the Internet data stored? • It is estimated that the Internet provides access to more data than is stored in all the academic research libraries in the U. S. • Most of the information is stored on servers which are owned and maintained by government agencies, corporations, small businesses, schools, organizations, and even individuals Page 3

  4. Internet Basics How does data get from point A to point B on the Internet? • Every computer that connects to the Internet has a unique number called an IP address. • Information is sent in chunks called packets • A router examines the IP address and then forwards the data to its destination. • Packets are reassembled into a replica of the original file Page 4

  5. Internet Basics What sort of resources does the Internet provide? • Web Sites – various locations in cyberspace that correspond to a corporation, a store, a magazine, and more • Search engines – help catalog a huge portion of the data stored on servers that are connected to the Internet • E-commerce – online activities such as banking and shopping • E-mail – electronic messages • Mailing list server Page 5

  6. Internet Basics What sort of resources does the Internet provide? • Bulletin boards – discussion groups • Usenet • Newsgroups • Downloads and uploads • Downloading • Uploading Page 6

  7. Internet Basics What sort of resources does the Internet provide? Page 7

  8. Internet Basics What sort of resources does the Internet provide? • Chat groups and instant messaging – interaction between users in real time • Internet telephony – telephone-style conversations to travel over the Internet to virtually anywhere in the world • Broadcasting – multicasting technology, can reach all over the world Page 8

  9. Internet Basics What sort of resources does the Internet provide? • Remote access and control – with the right software and passwords, can link two computers together and allow one to control the other • Telnet • P2P – peer-to-peer. It makes direct access of a computer by another available – with permission, of course • Popular music and file exchange Web sites Page 9

  10. Internet Basics Internet Connections Click to start Page 10

  11. Internet Basics What are my options for Internet connections? • Existing telephone line • Cable television line • Personal satellite link • Wireless or cell phone service • High-speed telephone services • ISDN, DSL Page 11

  12. Internet Basics What’s the easiest, cheapest way to access the Internet? • Dial-up connection – is relatively simple and inexpensive because the necessary equipment and software are preinstalled on most new computers • Voice band modem – converts digital signals into wave format to go over telephone lines and then at destination waves are converted back into digital • Dial-up top speed is 56 Kbps Page 12

  13. Internet Basics Does a cable modem provide a faster Internet connection? • Requires 2 pieces of equipment • Network card – a device that’s designed to connect a personal computer to a local area network • Cable modem – device that changes computer’s signals into a form that can travel over cable TV links Page 13

  14. Internet Basics Does a cable modem provide a faster Internet connection? • Cable modem access is referred to as an always-on connection because your computer is always connected • Top speed is around 1.5 Mbps (25 times faster than a dial-up) • Suitable for most Internet activities, including real-time video and teleconferencing Page 14

  15. Internet Basics What about access provided by a school or business network? • Typically schools and business connect to a local area network that is connected to the Internet and these connections are frequently always-on connections Page 15

  16. Internet Basics What other high-speed Internet access options are available • ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) – 64Kbps or 128 Kbps • DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) – anywhere from twice as fast to approx. 125 times faster than 56 Kbps • Comes from phone company, requires proximity to a switching station • DSS (Digital Satellite Service) – 500 Kbps Page 16

  17. Internet Basics Internet Service Providers What’s an ISP? • An ISP (Internet Service Provider) is a company that maintains Internet computers and telecommunications equipment in order to provide Internet access to businesses, organizations, and individuals • An ISP that offers dial-up connections, for example, maintains a bank of modems • AOL, Earthlink Page 17

  18. Internet Basics Internet Service Providers What’s an ISP? • An ISP (Internet Service Provider) is a company that maintains Internet computers and telecommunications equipment in order to provide Internet access to businesses, organizations, and individuals. • When your computer connects to the Internet, it doesn’t connect directly to the backbone. Instead your computer connects to the ISP and the ISP in turn is the one that connects to the backbone. Page 17

  19. Internet Basics Internet Service Providers IP and Domains? • Internet Addresses and Domains • Every computer that connects to the Internet must have a unique identifier number called an IP address. The IP is a set of four numbers between 0 and 255 that are separated by periods. Examples of IP addresses are: • 204.146.144.253 • 131.98.45.120 Page 18

  20. Internet Basics Internet Service Providers IP and Domains? • Internet host computers have permanent IP addresses • Fully Qualified Domain Name: Also known as domain name, it is a name that is associated with an IP address. Users favor these names over only using IP addresses, since it is easier to remember a name, than a string of numbers. What is easier for you to remember, cocacola.com or 204.140.144.253? Page 19

  21. Internet Basics Internet Service Providers IP and Domains? • DNS (Domain Name System, or Service, or Server) is an Internet service that translates domain names into IP addresses. • Top-level Domain: it is the three-letter extension that is found in the FQDN. For commercial businesses, the domain name ends in “.com”, for educational institutions “.edu”. Outside USA, country codes serve as top-level domains (uk for United Kingdom, es for Spain, pa for Panama). Page 20

  22. Internet Basics Internet Service Providers ISPs • An ISP (Internet Service Provider) provides Internet access to businesses, organizations, and individuals. According to the type a connections offered, they need to have the corresponding hardware. • An ISP that offers dial-up connections, for example, maintains a bank of modems • AOL, Earthlink, are examples of ISPs, and so is MSU Page 21

  23. Internet Basics What’s the difference between a local ISP and a national ISP? • A local ISP usually only supplies Internet access within a limited geographical area such as within a particular area code • A national ISP supplies access for a large geographical area Page 22

  24. Internet Basics How can I find a list of ISPs that provide service in my area? • Yellow Pages typically list ISPs under “Internet” • Newspaper ads • Internet Connection Wizard preinstalled on your computer Page 23

  25. Internet Basics How do I choose an ISP? • Geographical coverage • Type of service • Quality of service • Cost of monthly service • Cost of equipment and installation • Extra services • Customer service Page 24

  26. Internet Basics User ID’s and Passwords • A user ID is a series of characters that becomes a person’s unique identifier • A password is a different series of characters that verifies your identity • Some computers are case-sensitive; they differentiate between upper and lower case letters Page 25

  27. Internet Basics User ID’s and Passwords Page 26

  28. Internet Basics User ID’s and Passwords Page 27

  29. Internet Basics User ID’s and Passwords • To minimize memorizing 40 user ID’s and passwords, pick a unique user ID that you can use with every system • Pick 2 passwords, one for high security, and one for low security • Use high security password for critical data and low security for non-critical data Page 28

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