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Church Scholars

Church Scholars. World History SOL WHI.12d. Essential Question. How did European scholars begin to interpret and value ancient learning?. Scholars. As the economic and political conditions improved in the High Middle Ages, the need for education expanded.

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Church Scholars

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  1. Church Scholars World History SOL WHI.12d

  2. Essential Question • How did European scholars begin to interpret and value ancient learning?

  3. Scholars • As the economic and political conditions improved in the High Middle Ages, the need for education expanded. • During this period most educated people were Christian scholars or monks who lived in monasteries. They were among the few people who could read or write.

  4. Scholars - Monastic Life • One of the first monastic orders was The Benedictine Rule, organized by a monk named Benedict in the monastery of Monte Cassino in southern Italy in 530. • He drew up a rule to regulate monastic life and his rule was used as a blueprint by monasteries and convents across Europe.

  5. Scholars - Monastic Life • The monastic rule emphasized worship, work, and study. The monks studied the Bible and they copied the Bible by hand adding artwork and using stylized letters. These works of art are called illuminated manuscripts. • Although there was little original thought during this time period the monks also copied or wrote useful summaries of Greek and Latin works. The monks also translated Greek and Arabic works into Latin.

  6. Scholars - Universities • By the 1100s schools sprung up around the great cathedrals in order to train the clergy. Some of these cathedral schools evolved into the first universities. • Salerno and Bologna in Italy had the first universities followed by Paris and Oxford. • Most students aspired to a career in the clergy but they also included the sons of nobles and rich merchants.

  7. Scholars - Universities • Medieval universities were far different than universities today. • Students woke for prayers at 5 a.m. and then attended class until 10 a.m, when they had their first meal of the day. Afternoon classes continued until 5 p.m. Students ate a light supper and studied until bedtime.

  8. Scholars - Universities • Universities did not have permanent buildings so classes were held in rented rooms or the lofts of churches. Students sat on hard benches as the teacher dictated and explained Latin texts. Students were expected to memorize what they heard. • The program of study covered arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, music, grammar, rhetoric, and logic.

  9. Scholars - Universities • To show that they had mastered the material students took an oral exam. Earning a degree as a bachelor of arts took between three and six years. • In the Middle Ages universities received “new” ideas from Muslim scholars. Many of these ideas were actually the ideas of the ancient Greeks and Romans that were rediscovered.

  10. Scholars • The translation of ancient Greek, Roman, and Arabic texts made new knowledge in the realms of philosophy, science, and medicine available in Europe. • Greek philosophy relied on reason. This posed a problem for scholars of the Middle Ages because they believed that all truth came from the Church and God. They resolved the conflict by using reason to support Christian beliefs.

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