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??. ???????????Metadata????????????????????????????????????????????????????????. ?????????? ????. ??????????????,?:????????(120??????);????????(22??????)????,?:???????????(3????) ;??????????????????????????????,???????????????????,?:??????????????????????????(eg. AAT)?????????????????,?:

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2006

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    1. ?????????? ????? ??? ????????? 2006/09/03

    2. ?? ???????????Metadata??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????

    3. ?????????? ???? ???????? ??????,?:????????(120??????);????????(22??????) ????,?:???????????(3????) ;??????????????? ???????????????,??????????????? ????,?:??????????????????????????(eg. AAT) ?????????????????,?:??????????(TWLOM vs. LOM)???????? ????????????,?????????(???,?????,?????)

    4. ?????Metadata?????

    5. ????????? Metadata??????: ???????????(NDAP)????

    6. ??????? ???? 19?????(7???) ????:2001~2004 ???? ???? ????(?????????,?-????,???????????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????

    8. ??????

    9. ????Metadata?????? ???? ?? ???,???,??,??,??,??,?? ?? ??,??,??,??,??,??,??,?? ??/?? ???,???(???/????),??????,??????,??? ???:??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??/???/???

    10. ??????Metadata ?????? ??????? ?????/ ??????/ ???????? ?????? ??/ ?? ?????? ????/ ????/ ???? ?????? ????(???)/ ???/ ??? ?????? ??????????/ ????(??&??)/ ????/ ????/ XML????/

    11. ????Metadata???? Metadata?? CDWA(16),VRA(1),IFRB-FRBR(1),CIDOC(1),MARC(1) ??Application Profiles?? CDWA????? 22~ 210??? ??????:96% (26:27) ??????:66% ???????:6 ? ???? ???? ???? 2~58????????? ???? ?????? ????(??,??,??,??,???????) ???(?????)

    12. ??????? ??: ??????(Knowledge Organization)????????????,?????1930??Bliss????Organization of knowledge in libraries and the subject approach to books?? Bliss??????,????????????,???????????????????????????? ??,????????????,??????????????,????????????????? ???????????,??????????(Bliss, 1939: 36-37)? ???????1970???,????????????????????????????? ????????(ISKO)???1989?,??????????????????????? ?????????????????70?,??????????????????

    13. ??????? ??

    14. ??????? ?? ??????????????????,????????????????(representation),???????????(??)???(??)?????????,??????????,?????????????,????????????????????????????????

    15. ??????? ?????????????????,??(Hodge, 2000): ????(term list) ???(Authority files) ???(Glossaries) ??(Dictionaries) ????(Gazetteers) ?????(classification and categories) ????(Subject headings) ???????(Classification Schemes, Taxonomies, and Categorization Schemes) ?????(relationship lists) ???(Thesauri) ????(Semantic Networks) ????(Ontologies)

    16. ?????????

    17. ???(Authority Files)

    18. ???(Authority Files)

    19. ???(Classification Schemes)

    20. ??(Taxonomies)

    21. ??(Taxonomies)

    22. ???(Thesauri)

    23. ???????? ?????????? ????(The equivalence relationship) ????(The hierarchical relationship) ????(The associative relationship)

    24. ???????? ???? ???? USE UF ??????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? vs. ???????? ????? ????? ????

    25. ???????? ???? ???? BT NT ????? ???? ???? ?/???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????

    26. ???????? ???? ???? BT (Broader Term) NT (Narrower Term) ??1 ???? ???? BT ???? NT ???? ??2 ??? vs. ?????? ?????? vs. ??

    27. ????(Semantic Network)

    28. ????(Semantic Network)

    29. ??????? ????????????????,????????????????? ?????????,????????(Smiraglia, 2002): 19???????????? 20??????? 21????????

    30. ??????? ?????????(pragmatism & rationalism) ???19???20???,??????????? ??????????Panizzi?Cutter?Dewey?,????????????????,???????,????????? ??:Panizzi???????????;Cutter????????????;Dewey????????????????? ??????????????????????????,???????(????)????????

    31. ??????? ????(?????)(empiricism) ???20???? ??????Gorman?Taylor?Lotka?Tillett?,??????????????????????????????????????????? ????? ???20????21??? ???????Poli?Hjrland?Smiraglia?,????????????????????????,????????????????

    32. ???????? ?????????????????Birger Hjrland?1993????????(ASIS)????????????????????????,??????????(Hjrland, 2002): ???????????(gateways) ??????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????,????????(LSP, languages for special purposes),????(discourse studies) ?????,?????/????? ????????????????

    33. ???????? Anderson(2003)????????????: ??(indexing):???????,??????????????????????? ??(cataloguing):?????????? ??(classification):???????????,????????,??????(???)????????(grouping)???(arrangement)?

    34. ???????? ????????,?????????,??(???(2003b)????(2002)): ???????????:??????????(InfoMap)?????(knowledge map)?????????????????(mapping)????,????????????;????????????????????????????????????,?????????????,????????? ????????:?????????????????(knowledge topographies)????????????????????? ????????:???????????????????????,????????????????????????????;????????,??????????????????,????metadata???????????(knowledge base),??????(knowledge center)??

    35. ????????? ?? ??????????1841?Panizzi???????160???,????????????????????? ???????,????????????????????,?????,??????????????150??,??????????????????????? ???,?1989?ISKO?????,?????????????????????,?????????????????,????????????????

    36. ????????? ?? ???,???????????????????????????????,??: ?????????; ????????????????????????????????????????; ?????,???????????????????? ????????????????????????????????,???????????????,?????????????????

    37. ????/??????? ??Mcllwaine?Williamson(McIlwaine, 2003)??1988?1998???????????????,???????????: ???????(universal classification system)?????(cognitive processes)????(thesauri)??????(structure and relationships)?????(terminology)???????(natural language processing)???? Hjorland?Albrechtsen(McIlwaine, 2003)?????????,?1988?1998??????????????,??????????: ????????????(academic disciplines as the main structural principle)??????????(the fiction/non-fiction distinction),??????????????(appropriate analysis in online retrieval systems) ?????????????,????????????

    38. ????/??????? McIlwaine(2003)????????????????,??1999?2003??????????????????(??????????),?????????????????????,??????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????: ?????????(interoperability)??????????????????????? ???????????,??????????????????,?????????

    39. ????/??????? ????????????(KOS)?????????,??????????????,????????:( Zeng?Chan(2004) ???: ????????KOS????:??????????????(links)????????????(switching)??? ???: ?????????????:??????????????(correlated thesauri)??????(interlingua)?? ???: ??????KOS?????:?????????????????? ????? ???????KOS ????? ???????KOS

    40. ????/??????? ??????KOS????????,???????????,?????????(Zeng and Chan, 2004): ??/??? ??/?? ???? ??????? ?? ??????????? ???????????

    41. ???????????? ??/?? (Derivation/Modeling) ?????????????????,??????????????

    42. ???????????? ??/?? (Translation/Adaptation) ????????????????????????????:???????????????????LCSH?????;AAT(????????)??????????

    43. ???????????? ???? ????????????????????????(verbal terms)???????????:??LOM?TWLOM?????????

    44. ???????????? ??????(Co-occurrence Mapping) ???????????????,???????,???????????????????(loosely-mapped terms)???????????????????????,??????????????????????????????????????KOS??????,?????????????????????????????????????????????,?????????????????

    45. ???????????? ?? (Switching) ?????????????,?????????????????????

    46. ???????????? ???????????? (Linking Through a Temporary Union List) ???????????????????????????????????

    47. ???????????? ????????????? (Linking Through a Thesaurus Server Protocol) ?,?????????????????????(The Alexandria Digital Library, ADL)?????Gazetteer??????????????????(programmatic searching)?????????????????????ANSI/NISO (1993, R2003) Z39.19?????,???????????????

    48. ????-????????? ??????????1841?Panizzi???????160???,????????????????????? ???????,????????????????????,?????,??????????????150??,??????????????????????????,?1989?ISKO?????,?????????????????????,?????????????????,???????????????? ???,???????????????????????????????,??: ?????????; ????????????????????????????????????????; ?????,???????????????????? ????????????????????????????????,???????????????,?????????????????

    49. ????-????????? ??????????????15??(1988?~2003?)?????,????? ??????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????,????????????? ?????,??????????????????????????????,?????????????????,??,????????????????????????,?????????????????????,????????????????????????????????,?????????????? ??,????????????????????????,?????(????????)????????(??????)?????????????????

    50. ????-????????? ??????????????????????,????????????,?????????????????(domain ontology),??????(semantic web)???? ????????????????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????,??????????????????????????????????,????????????????????????;?????????????????????????????????????????????,???????????? ?????????,???????????????:???????(?????,?:?????????????;???????????,?:?????????????????)???????????(??????????????????????????????)??????????????????(???????????????)??????????????

    51. ???? Anderson, J.D. (2003). Organization of Knowledge IN International Library and Information Science Encyclopedia. Bliss, H.E.(1939). The Organization of knowledge in libraries. New York, NY: H.W. Wilson. Hjrland, B. (2002). Domain analysis in information science. Eleven approaches traditional as well as innovative, Journal of Documentation, 58(4), 422-462. Hjrland, B. (2004). Theory of knowledge organization and the feasibility of universal solution, IN Eighth International ISKO Conference London, July 16th 2004, Session 9B 2.15-3.45. Hodge, G. (2000). Systems of knowledge organization for digital libraries: beyond traditional authority files. http://clir.org/pubs/reports/pub91/contents.html McIlwain, I.C. (2003). Trends in knowledge organization research, Knowledge Organization, 30(2): 75-86.

    52. ???? Smiraglia, R. P. (2002). The progress of theory in knowledge organization, Library Trends, 50(3): 330-349. Zeng, M.L. and Chan L.M. (2004). Trends and issues in establishing interoperability among knowledge organization systems, JASIST, 55(5): 377-395. ???(2003a)????????http://ceiba3.cc.ntu.edu.tw/course/cb9879/92.02.27.pdf ???(2003b)????????(?)?http://ceiba3.cc.ntu.edu.tw/course/cb9879/92.03.27.pdf ???(2003c)????????(?)? http://ceiba3.cc.ntu.edu.tw/course/cb9879/92.04.03.pdf ???(2002)??????????????????????,????????????? ??????????????????(2005)???????????????????,??Zeng, M.L. and Chan L.M. (2004). Trends and issues in establishing interoperability among knowledge organization systems, JASIST, 55(5): 377-395. ???,??? (2004) ???????????????:?????????

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