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MASS SOCIETY & DEMOCRACY

MASS SOCIETY & DEMOCRACY. SECTION 1. The Growth of Industrial Prosperity. New Products . Steel Sir Henry Bessmer Bessemer Process Electricity Thomas Edison Edison Electric Light Company "we will make electricity so cheap that only the rich will burn candles" .

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MASS SOCIETY & DEMOCRACY

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  1. MASS SOCIETY &DEMOCRACY

  2. SECTION 1 The Growth of Industrial Prosperity

  3. New Products • Steel • Sir Henry Bessmer • Bessemer Process • Electricity • Thomas Edison • Edison Electric Light Company • "we will make electricity so cheap that only the rich will burn candles"

  4. Internal Combustion Engine • Communication • Alexander Graham Bell • Guglielmo Marconi

  5. New Patterns • Increase in Industrial Production • Increase in purchasing of goods • wages • lowered transportation costs • Assembly Line • Henry Ford • Department Stores • Great Divide • Eastern v. Western Europe

  6. Toward a World Economy • impact of Internal Combustion Engine • Capital = European dominance • The Working Class • impact of societal transformation • working conditions • Reformers • Moderates: • Radicals:

  7. Karl Marx's Theory • The Communist Manifesto • Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels • Appalled at working conditions • history is a giant "class struggle" • oppressors v. oppressed

  8. Industrial Revolution as a continuation of Class Struggle • bourgeoisie v. proletariat • Solution: Revolution! • emergence of a classless society

  9. Socialist Parties • Goal: improve Working Conditions • Two types: • Pure Marxist: violent revolution • Revisionists: Work within the system • Trade Unions • improve conditions through collective bargaining • Right to Strike?

  10. SECTION 3 The National State & Democracy

  11. Western Europe & Political Democracy • Signs of the Expansion of Democracy • universal male suffrage • emergence of ministerial responsibility • mass political parties • Great Britain • two-party parliamentary system • relationship between Parliament & Prime Minister • Rise of the Labour Party

  12. France • Chaos due to collapse of Second Empire • 1875: Formation of 3rd Republic • Bicameral Legislature • Senate • Chamber of Deputies • Prime Minister • Italy • United 1870 • Divisions between North & South

  13. Central & Eastern Europe • Germany • Otto Von Bismark created a bicameral legilature • Reichstag: universal male suffrage • Lack of ministerial responsibility • Emperor over legislature • William II Changes • German Power • The people's call for Democracy fall on silent ears

  14. Austro-Hungarian Empire • Austria • A failed attempt at Ministerial Responsibility • Francis Joseph • major disadvantage: diverse ethnic makeup • Hungary • functioning parliament

  15. Russia • Czar Nicholas II: absolute power • Major Steel Producer • rise of Marxist ideals • Bloody Sunday • Winter Palace: St. Petersburg, Russia • Short lived reforms • Dumas • civil liberties

  16. United States • Aftermath of the Civil War • national unity remained • Transformation of Old South • 13th Amendment • 14th Amendment • 15th Amendment • Jim Crow • Economy • agriculture to industry • Carnegie Steel Co. • Extreme Wealth

  17. Expansion abroad • Samoan Islands • Queen Liluokalani • Hawaii • Spanish American War

  18. International Rivalries • Creation of Triple Alliance • Otto von Bismark and Europe's balance of power • fear of French retaliation/alliance

  19. New Directions: William II • William II fires Otto • change of direction • finding Germany's "rightful place in the Sun" • Formation of Triple Entente

  20. Crisis in the Balkans: The Powder Keg • Breakdown of Ottoman Empire • Great Powers rush to "exert their influence" • Balkan's State Political Status (please see next slide) • Greece, Serbia, Romania, Montenegro Free • Bulgaria: protectorate of Russia • Bosnia & Herzegovina: A-H • Balkan collapse "Bosnian Crisis" • A-H annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina • Serbia outraged • Russian support • William II intervention • Russia vows revenge

  21. Crisis in the Balkans: The Powder Keg • Breakdown of Ottoman Empire • Great Powers rush to "exert their influence" • Balkan's State Political Status (please see next slide) • Greece, Serbia, Romania, Montenegro Free • Bulgaria: protectorate of Russia • Bosnia & Herzegovina: A-H • Balkan collapse "Bosnian Crisis" • A-H annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina • Serbia outraged • Russian support • William II intervention • Russia vows revenge

  22. SECTION 4 Toward the Modern Consciousness

  23. Modernism • Impressionism • Claude Monet • Postimpressionism • Vincent Van Gogh • Impact of Photography • avoid "visual reality" • Cubism • Abstract

  24. Architecture • rise of functionalism • lack of ornamentation • Louis H Sullivan & Frank Lloyd Wright

  25. Uncertainty Grows: Science • Reason • through facts the world can be known • Marie Curie • atoms • Einstein • theory of relativity • matter is another form of energy • Freud • psychoanalysis

  26. Extreme Nationalism • Social Darwinism & Racism • loyalty to a nation became a religion • Justifying European Domination • Herber Spencer • social progress comes from the strongest countries • Extreme Nationalism • nations are in a struggle for existence • Houston Stewart Chamberlain

  27. Anti-Semitism & Zionism • Anti-Semitism • long European tradition • Dreyfuss Affair • Anti-Semitic Parties • A-H & Germany • Zionism • flee Europe for the United States • Palestine

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