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Sand and Dust Storm Monitoring: International Research Coordination and Example of Dust Modelling Developments

This article discusses the international coordination efforts within the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) for dust monitoring research, as well as developments in dust modelling. It explores the impacts of sand and dust storms on human health, agriculture, marine productivity, and aviation, and highlights the importance of improved weather prediction and climate assessment. The article also provides information on the formation of the Sand and Dust Storm Warning and Assessment System (SDS-WAS) and its mission to enhance the ability of countries to deliver timely and quality forecasts and observations.

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Sand and Dust Storm Monitoring: International Research Coordination and Example of Dust Modelling Developments

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  1. Sand and Dust Storm Monitoring:A) International Research Coordination, and B) Example of Dust Modelling Developments Slobodan Nickovic WMO Research Department snickovic@wmo.int NCEP, 9 Dec 2008

  2. International Coordination within WMO in Dust Monitoring Research WMO provides expertise and international cooperation in • weather, • climate, • hydrology and water resources • environmental issues contributing so to safety and well-being of people and to the economic benefit of all nations. NCEP, 9 Dec 2008

  3. Recent WMO restructuring puts together weather and climate research; future vision: hydrology research to be added as well NCEP, 9 Dec 2008

  4. WMO Research Department JSC JSC WWRP WCRP WGNE CAS SERA MesoScale Nowcasting SPARC CLIC Verification GEWEX CLIVAR Tropical Meteorology THORPEX Sand and Dust Storm Warning System GHG Cycles: Fluxes UNFCCC Aerosols Warnings and Assessment Ozone Depletion Vienna Convention GURME Urban-Regional Air Quality Reactive Gas & Oxidizing Capacity JSC Air-Surface Chemical Exchange GAW NCEP, 9 Dec 2008

  5. dust dust dust SDS PROCESS Global process based on local origins Dust from Libyan sources; SeaWiFS Source: S. Kinne MPI, Hamburg, Germany Afghanistan dry lake dust sources MODIS 2, June 2001 Driven by and interacting with the atmosphere NCEP, 9 Dec 2008

  6. Close-up look: Dust storm in Niamey 2008 NCEP, 9 Dec 2008

  7. SDS Impacts • Human Health (asthma, infections, meningitis in Africa, valley fever in the America’s) • Agriculture • Marine productivity – dust as nutrient • Interaction with the atmosphere - improved weather prediction and climate assessment • Aviation (air disasters); Ground transportation NCEP, 9 Dec 2008

  8. SDS forecast models as of July 2008 40 WMO members showed interest to improve SDS forecasts NCEP, 9 Dec 2008

  9. WMO SDS-WAS development • 2003: First operational dust forecast based on the NCEP/Eta (Nickovic 1994) • …… • September 2004:International Symposium on SDS, Beijing, CMA - WMO SDS created • 2005: WMO Survey – 40+ WMO Members expressed interest in improving capacities for SDS monitoring. • 2006: proposed Sand and Dust Storm Warning and Assessment System (SDS-WAS). NCEP, 9 Dec 2008

  10. May 2007: 14th WMO Congress endorsed launching of the SDS-WAS. • November 2007: WMO/GEO Expert Meeting on SDS-WAS (Barcelona Supercomputing Centre); 100 international experts from research, observations, forecasting and user countries. NCEP, 9 Dec 2008

  11. Beginning of 2008: China and Spain became SDS-WAS Regional Centers • June 2008: SDS-WAS DraftImplementation Plan NCEP, 9 Dec 2008

  12. The SDS-WAS mission • ``…to enhance the ability of countries to deliver timely and quality sand and dust storm forecasts, observations, information and knowledge to users through an international partnership of research and operational communities…`` NCEP, 9 Dec 2008

  13. Sand and Dust Storm Warning Advisory and Assessment System Draft Implementation Plan WMO SDS-WAS Regional node 1 Regional node n Regional Center 1 Partner n Partner 1 …. Partner 2 …. Partner 5 Partner 3 Partner 4 Regional node 2 NCEP, 9 Dec 2008

  14. Implementation • I Phase (2009-2010): • Regional partnership through CAS and CBS • SDS monitoring with current routine forecast and observation capabilities; standardized presentation of products • Near real-time quantitative and qualitative verification system • User portals in two regions; an example of the regional portal (a working version, still in development) • http://www.bsc.es/projects/earthscience/DREAM/ NCEP, 9 Dec 2008

  15. NCEP, 9 Dec 2008

  16. II Phase (2011-2013): • Joint verification of the different dust forecasts and model inter-comparisons • Data assimilation and ensemble forecasting • User-oriented studies (events affecting air/ground transport; impacts on public health and dust, etc.) • Research studies (saltation/emission process; size distribution etc.) • SDS warning at national levels NCEP, 9 Dec 2008

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