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Film Trailers. Media A2 By Reemsha Raza. The Uses and Gratification Theory. It is said that people watch the television for integration and social interaction; information and entertainment. Integration and Social Interaction –
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Film Trailers Media A2 By Reemsha Raza
The Uses and Gratification Theory It is said that people watch the television for integration and social interaction; information and entertainment. Integration and Social Interaction – Where the audience views the media to judge it and take it in as well as for social reasons, where they watch things that will get a crowd going, by many people talking about the same thing, it makes conversation with peers and people around them easier. Information – If there is something going on, the way to spread the word is through the media. It gives out information people don't necessarily know through many different media platforms such as print, broadcast and e-media. Entertainment – The main reason media is so popular is because of the entertainment. This can be through print media, such as newspapers and magazines, or television where audiences watch shows and programmes that they like and can gain social interaction through. Media entertainment can also be a form of escaping or being diverted from problems, relaxation, emotional release and sexual gratification.
What is a Trailer? A trailer or preview is an advertisement or a commercial for a feature film that will be exhibited in the future at a cinema. It uses small snippets of the film to make a bigger picture to entice the audience. It uses codes and conventions to tell a smaller story, missing out the answers and leaving the audience wanting more. Trailers are used for advertising and marketing a film.it is used to promote different aspects of film making, like the stars that feature in the movie, the directors, music artist, clothing and more. There are three different types of trailers;The first type is the teaser trailer, which is a shortened version of the trailer , shown well before the movie is released. Its aim is to ‘tease’ the audience and whet their appetite for the movie. The second type of trailer is the theatrical trailer. This is usually shown in a longer strip a few weeks before the release date. The third type is the DVD trailer. This is mainly shown on television and the internet in advance of the DVD release.
Genre Genre refers to the method based on similarities in the narrative elements from which films are constructed. Audiences expect to see a range of different things on screen depending on what genre they are most interested in. For example; if someone is watching a horror movie, they would expect to see blood, knives, abnormal things, villains etc. With a chick flick, the audience would expect to see a romance side to the movie, with girly friends living up to the expectations on someone falling in or out of love, or some form of revenge. Main Film Genres • Action • Comedy • Gangster and Crime • Horror • Romance • War
Conventions of Film Trailers • Genre indicator • Plot • Short clips • Voice over • Music • Cast • Director • The title • The studio
Trailers are said to have a 3 Act structure – Act 1 lays out the context of the story. Act 2 establishes the problem and ends with a dramatic climax. Act 3 often features visual montage of key moments of the film and may have cast name screens if there are stars that sell the movie. • Trailers use Long shots at the start to establish character and setting • Fades to black that suggest shifts in time • Transitions/cuts with by booming SFX build tension • Transition screens place significant text on screen, images and shots before/after should echo the text • Short shots and quick cuts of some of the most exciting moments from the film, the ‘events’ that lead to resolution but not necessarily in chronological order • Resolution should be left out, viewers left guessing. • Music should build to a crescendo • Sudden moments of quiet and silence will have impact on mood and pace.
Textual analysis of Trailers • Sounds • Camera shots • Camera angles • Camera focus • Mise en scene – (lighting, settings, props) • Editing • Transitions
Action/ Adventure http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VpaT8NzkLgE
Sounds • Diegetic – • Picking up the gravel • Dialogue • Things getting blown up • Cars moving • Opening of the windows • Birds squawking • Fireworks • Shooting of the gun • Trains moving • Crying • Ammunition falling to the floor • Non diegetic – • Background music • Emphasis on things getting blown up • People running
Camera shots Establishing shots – An establishing shot is used to show the setting of the scene. This is relevant for an action movie as it might give a slight hint of what kind of action scene may be coming up. Close up – A close up is used to show a character on which the camera is focused on. For an action movie, this may show what they are planning, or what may be coming next in the clip. Medium shot – A medium shot may be used in an action movie to show the person or prop they might be using in the scene. This lays a slate in the audiences mind for what may be coming up next.
Extreme close up – Extreme close ups are generally used for showing facial expressions and other things close up that have meaning and can determine what happens within the scene. For example here, in the extreme close up are bullets, which for an action movie may show that guns are or already have been used. Long/ wide shot – A long/ wide shot is used to show the whole length of something. In this action shot, the long shot is of a place of worship of some sort and this may link to the mise en scene of the action movie. Two/ group shot – A two or group shot is used to show two or more people within a shot. For the action movie, it may be used to kill another character on screen and using this shot makes it better as you can see both people in the shot and you don’t have to split focus between the two characters as they will both be present.
Over the shoulder shot Over the shoulder shots are used to show a point of view from another character on screen. It gives the ‘spying’ impression and is proven very effective in action movies. It can also be used as a target, so the person who the camera is pointing at over the shoulder may be a target of some sort, either to kill, or be killed.
Camera Angles Bird-eye Birds eye angles are used to get an overall view on a person, place or thing. In action movies, it is usually used to show the location, or a helicopter view if someone is trying to find someone else on screen. High and low angle shots High and low angle shots in action movies are used to differentiate the height differences in roles of importance or the person, place of thing. In these shots, the angles are used in form of a point of view shot, being the person looking down at the man who is going to shoot and then the other way round when the person shooting is underneath the person jumping and shooting.
Eye level It is very normal to see eye level shots within an action movie. It usually signifies a battle going on onscreen or someone is in trouble, which is one of the main factors that make up action movies.
Rule of Thirds Using the rule of thirds rule shows suspense and thrill within the action movie. It makes the audience think why they are like that and why they bare in that position. In this image, the rule of thirds shows one of the main characters climbing out of a window out looking a skyline. This shows suspense as the audience wonders what she is putting her life at such risk, and risk is all part of the horror genre.
Mise- en - Scene • Lighting • Positions on stage • Setting • Props • Costume
Lighting Low key Low key lighting is used in action movies to set the scene. In action movies, you go from light to dark quite a lot and is one of the main factors of action movies. High key High key lighting in action movies is used to symbolise death and the end of something whether that be for the good or the bad.
Props • Cars • Guns • Newspapers • Knives • Electric chair • Light bulbs • Phones • Cups • Beds • Pictures • Bags Sets are used because they are easier to control than real-life locations. A movie would not look real without props either. Props are used to make the movie seem real and makes everything come to life.
Grass Analysis of Action Movies: G– Gender – any gender R– Race – any race A– Age – any age, depending on the certificate rating on the movie S – Sex – any sex S – Socio economic background – not specific type, suitable for all.
Sounds • Diegetic – • Dialogue • The ball hitting the head • The whistle • Lying down on the bed • Non Diegetic – • Starting music and the music played throughout • The voiceover
Camera shots Close up - Close ups in chick flicks are usually used to show facial expressions on the characters face. It usually shows happiness or sadness depending on what is going on in the movie at the time. Medium shot – Medium shots are usually used when people are talking in the movie. They are usually from the head down to about the waist are like that because it usually may be showing part of what the character may be wearing. Two / Group shot – Two/ group shots are mainly used to represent relationships, friendships and families.
Long/ wide shot - Long/ wide shots used in chick flicks are usually used to show a wider range of people within the movie. It can usually symbolise what the movie may be about and what message that movie may want to give out. Over the shoulder shot – Over the shoulder shots in chick flicks are used for the point of view of a character from that movie. In stereotypical chick flicks, over the shoulder shots are used to show superiority of the person looking at the character. It can also show stereotypical ‘followers’ of gangs of girls or boys within the movie.
Mise en scene – • Setting - high school themes, between crowds of people • Props – pink, a lot of colour, bags, cars • Costume – short ‘cool’ clothing, sports clothes for the boys • Lighting – mostly medium lighting and low key lighting during the night in the movies.
Grass Analysis of Chick Flick Movies: G – Gender – Mainly female audiences, some male audiences depending on taste of movie. R– Race – any race A– Age – any age, depending on the certificate rating on the movie S – Sex – any sex S– Socio economic background – not specific type, suitable for all.
Sounds • Diegetic – • Breathing • Tapes being moved around • Dialogue • Doors opening • Axe being dragged along the floor • Projector being played • Non – Diegetic – • The ringing bell • Background music • Voice over • Exaggerated reel playing
Camera Angles / Shots Wide shot – Two/ group shot – Wide shots in horror movies are a vital part of what the movie may be about. It lets the audience know where the horror movie is taking place. It also makes the audience of what they can expect from this movie and where the location is to what they have seen before in previous horror movies and how this one may be different. A two/ group shot in a horror, especially in the trailer may show who or what the target is in the movie. It shows who the movie will be about and how it will affect the people on screen. In this shot of the man and woman, it shows that the people being scared in the movie are these two people who are the target by the person trying to kill/ hurt them.
Extreme close up – Extreme close ups are used very often within a horror movie. This is because the shot is supposed to emphasise on the ‘horror’ expressions on the victims face within the movie. It also lays out a ground path of what may come next, unless the horror movie ha very unexpected thing occurring within it. For example if there is an extreme close up of an axe, it will be more then re assuring or the audience that an axe is going to be used to kill someone in the movie.
Lighting Low key – Lighting is a crucial aspect of horror movies. Low key lighting is used in horror movies to overstate the darkness factor and how darkness is used to emphasise fear of the unknown. It gives off a eerie and uncomfortable feeling to the audience and is the main reason why audiences view horror movies.
Grass Analysis of Horror Movies: G – Gender – Any gender R – Race – any race A– Age –age appropriate depending on the certificate rating on the movie S – Sex – any sex S – Socio economic background – not specific type, suitable for all.
I carried out an investigation on what type of things audiences expect from trailers. I did this by making an online survey asking a few questions on the topic on trailers, what they enjoy about them, what they least like, and what they expect to see in the specific genres of movies. • Here is a list of questions that were asked in the questionnaire: • Sex? • What is your age? • Out of the list, what are your favourite movie genres? • ( Genres being romance; horror, thriller, war/adventure, Sci-Fi and animation). • Where do you find out about the movies you watch? (Options being; family/friends, YouTube, social networking sites and movie websites). • What do you most expect to see in movie trailers? • What do watch the trailers for? • Why do you think people watch movies?
I asked the first question on sex/gender. This was because you can tell a lot from what person likes from their gender. For example, stereotypically females prefer chick flicks and males prefer action or horror. I had 11 respondents from my questionnaires from which two males answered and 9 females. This does not say anything about the answers that are due to come up.
I feel that age has a big part to play in what genre or types of movies audiences enjoy. This is due to many things, but mainly certifications that are placed by the British Board of Film Classification. The BBFC is originally a British Board of Film Censors, is a non-governmental organisation, funded by the film industry and responsible for the national classification and censorship of films within the United Kingdom.It has a statutory requirement to classify videos, DVDs and some video games. The BBFC place classification on films by rating them for sexual content, drug use, offensive language and sexually explicit representations of men and woman in the media. I feel this may prevent audiences from watching what they ant to watch. This is because this places a boundary of what they are allowed to see and what they aren't. This may also be the reason the limitations of the genres they like as there may be certain genres that the audiences of say a younger age may not be able to view because of the content.
From my results from the question that was asked of what movie genre the audience prefers, the romance genre was deemed to be the most popular. Romance genres are usually there for people to feel that love is a part of everyday life. The genre that was not as popular was the thriller genre. This may have been because people do like the things that are shown in thriller movies, or may not like the effect it leaves on them.
The people that responded to my questionnaire said that they heard about the movies they watch through their family and friends. This is right as people may be talking about it and of they have seen the content and recommend it, the can be spread to a wider audience, whether they liked the movie or not.
There were a number of mixed responses for my question of what people expect to see in movie trailers. Reading through the results, I found that most people watched the movies for the actors, the costumes and sets.
Looking at my results, it seems to me that my audience engage in movie trailers to make sense of the plot that will take place in the movie and the actors that play the part and how well they play and portray the characters they are getting paid to play.
Asking the question as to why people watch movies, my results showed that they are watched because it is a type of escape from reality and simply a form of entertainment.
Audience theories such as the two step flow play a major part in the making and distribution of different movie types. This is because when people go to see a movie and like it, they go on to tell other people about it, hence the two step flow. This is a good way to get the market values for movies up, and spread the word so that the movie makes up the budget, plus profit for the money spent on the movie. With these films come a passive and active audience. A passive audience being the people who see and hear things that may or may not b true and choose to believe it without any further yes or no questions. An active audience is one where people see and hear things and then try and gain evidence to back up what is being said to whether or not it is true or not.
