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ECOLOGY

ECOLOGY. GROUP NUMBER 5 José Bernabéu Bellón Manuel Morales Rodríguez José Miguel Patón González Luis Guillermo Peso Navarro David Rodríguez Jiménez. 1. FEEDING IN ECOSYSTEMS. TROPHIC LEVELS.

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ECOLOGY

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  1. ECOLOGY • GROUP NUMBER 5 • José Bernabéu Bellón • Manuel Morales Rodríguez • José Miguel Patón González • Luis Guillermo Peso Navarro • David Rodríguez Jiménez

  2. 1. FEEDING IN ECOSYSTEMS TROPHIC LEVELS • In ecology, the trophic level is the position that an organism occupies in a food chain - what it eats, and by what is eaten. • The organisms of a chain are classified into these levels. The first and lowest level contains the producers, green plants. The plants or their products are consumed by the second-level organisms—the herbivores, or plant eaters. At the third level, primary carnivores, or meat eaters, eat the herbivores; and at the fourth level, secondary carnivores eat the primary carnivores. There is also a group called as decomposers.

  3. 1. FEEDING IN ECOSYSTEMS TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS • FOOD CHAIN: shows the feeding relationship between different living things in a particular environment or habitat. Food chains show how energy is passed from the sun to producers, from producers to consumers, and from consumers to decomposers

  4. 1. FEEDING IN ECOSYSTEMS TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS • FOOD WEB: consists of a number of food chains meshed together. Each food chain is a descriptive diagram including a series of arrows, each pointing from one species to another, representing the flow of matter and energy from one feeding group of organisms to another.

  5. 1. FEEDING IN ECOSYSTEMS TROPHIC PARAMETERS • The trophic parameters allow to assess the accumulation and transfer of energy or matter that occurs in an ecosystem.We report the flow of energy that flows through the ecosystem as a whole or from one trophic level to another. There are several parameters: • Biomass Dry or wet mass of all organisms forming a trophic level or ecosystem • Production The amount of energy stored as biomass in each trophic level, or the ecosystem. • Productivity The relation between production and biomass Biomass Production Productivity

  6. 1. FEEDING IN ECOSYSTEMS TROPHIC PYRAMIDS They are forms of representing how some features varies from one trophic level to another. Each trophic level is represented by a rectangle. The rectangle which forms the pyramid base is referred to producers and then the other trophic levels are placed in order. The length of each rectangle is proportional to the value of the feature which is measured. Energy pyramid (energy stored in each trophic level and which is availble to others) Number pyramid (number of individuals) Biomass pyramid (amount of biomass)

  7. 2. ENERGY IN ECOSYSTEMS FLUX OF ENERGY Energy is transferred along food chains from one stage to the next but not all of the energy available to organisms at one stage can be absorbed by organisms at the next one. The amount of available energy decreases from one stage to the next. Some of the available energy goes into growth and the production of offspring. This energy becomes available to the next stage, but most of the available energy is used up in other ways such as heating. All of the energy used in these ways returns to the environment, and is not available to the next stage.

  8. 3. MATTER IN ECOSYSTEMS CYCLE OF MATTER Matter cannot be created or destroyed it is always recycled. Matter is transferred through the different stages or trophic levels, this meansthat: a plant absorbs nutrients from the environment, the firts consumer eats the plant obtaining its matter, a sencond consumer eats the first obtaining its matter too and finally a decomposer break down the second consumer returning the matter to the environment which will be used by a plant.

  9. 3. MATTER IN ECOSYSTEMS BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES A biogeochemical cycle is a pathway by which a chemical substancesmove through both biotic and abiotic factors ofan ecosystem. A cycle is a series of changes which comes back to the starting point and which can be repeated. CARBON CYCLE All living things are made of carbon. Carbon is also a part of the ocean, air, and even rocks. Because the Earth is a dynamic place, carbon does not stay still. It is on the move!. The same occurs with the nitrogen c. and the phosphorous one…

  10. 3. MATTER IN ECOSYSTEMS BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES NITROGEN CYCLE PHOSPHOROUS CYCLE

  11. THE END SUMMARY VIDEO http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/food-chains-trophic-levels-and-energy-flow-in-an-ecosystem.html#lesson

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