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The Impact of Colonialism on Latin America: Autonomy, Inequality, and Future Challenges

Colonialism has left a profound legacy in Latin America, characterized by exploitation, economic inequality, and a race-based caste system. The conquistadors decimated native civilizations like the Aztecs and Incas, claiming wealth and land for peninsulares and enslaving indigenous populations. This colonial legacy complicated future democratic developments and created profound divides in wealth and power. The struggle for autonomy and human rights continues, evident in the consequences of events like the military coup in Chile and ongoing economic challenges such as debt and trade agreements like NAFTA. Future prospects for Latin America hinge on addressing these historical inequalities and integrating more effectively into the global economy.

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The Impact of Colonialism on Latin America: Autonomy, Inequality, and Future Challenges

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  1. Colonialism and the Colonial Legacy • Very little autonomy • Court governs • Makes democracy harder later on • Conquistadors found Aztec, Inca and Mayan regions • Rich with gold and silver • Destroyed them with weapons and disease • Peninsulares claimed land • Slaves exploited • Colonies enriched mother countries- Spain and Portugal (mercantilism) • Race based caste system • Economic inequality

  2. Latin America and the United States • Bolivar liberated many nations from Spain • Had to deal with the USA • Monroe Doctrine – warned Europeans to stay out and justified US expansion • Roosevelt’s Corollary – justified intervening in interests • Panama Canal • Fought against communism

  3. Human Rights • Nicaraguan troops killed 150,000 people • Dictators replaced by democracy • Chile: • 9/1973 – military coup led by Pinochet and backed by CIA overthrew elected socialist president – but under Pinochet… • 2,279 persons disappeared • ~32,000 tortured • ~1,300 exiled • 2000 – Pinochet found mentally unfit for trial • Columbia • Violence • Militant peasants and guerillas funded by drugs

  4. Latin America and the Global Economy • Debt – huge problem….should loans be dropped? • Free trade? • NAFTA – 1992 • Mexico joined USA and Canada in a free trade agreement • Allowed Mexico growers and producers to have a wider consumer base • BUT, farmers can’t compete in the market or get jobs if a factory does not exist • Has helped democracy

  5. NAFTA

  6. The Environment • Overpopulation • Amazon Rainforest – “Lungs of the Planet” • Wealthy own much of the rainforest land and want to settle in it, but the world needs it for oxygen • Growth of cities • ¾ rise in urban areas • Population increase = pollution increase • Open sewers pollutes drinking water and run off

  7. The Future of Latin America • Seems “stuck” – not moving in any given direction • Hope for greater participation in world market • 75% of income in the world comes from developed nations and that satisfies the demand

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