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Essential Question

This overview highlights significant events from the Reagan and Bush (Sr.) presidencies, spanning the 1980s to early 1990s. Ronald Reagan, elected in 1980, emphasized supply-side economics, tax cuts, military buildup, and foreign policies such as the Reagan Doctrine. Key incidents include the Iran-Contra Affair and the Strategic Defense Initiative. George H.W. Bush, succeeding in 1988, oversaw the end of the Cold War, marked by Gorbachev's reforms and the fall of the Berlin Wall. The Gulf War in 1990–1991 further defined his presidency, culminating in Iraq's defeat.

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Essential Question

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Essential Question • What were the important events of the Reagan and Bush (the Elder) presidencies?

  2. 1980s

  3. Ronald Reagan • Former actor • Two term governor of California • Elected in 1980

  4. Reagan Politics • “In this present crisis, government is not the solution to our problem. Government is our problem.” • Americans need to believe in themselves

  5. U.S. Economy • Economy suffering from high unemployment, high inflation

  6. Supply-Side Economics • The economy is weak because taxes are too high • Remove taxes, businesses would invest in expansion

  7. Reaganomics • “Trickle-down economics” • Keep interest rates high • Massive tax cuts

  8. Reaganomics • Accepted a budget deficit in order to cut taxes and build a strong military • Economy going strong by 1984

  9. Growth of the Military • American buildup might pressure Soviets to follow and collapse communism

  10. Reagan Doctrine • U.S. should support guerilla groups fighting to overthrow communist governments

  11. Afghanistan

  12. Nicaragua

  13. Grenada

  14. Iran-Contra Affair • Government officials sold weapons to Iran in exchange for the release of American hostages • Profits from the sales sent to the contras (counterrevolutionaries in South America)

  15. Star Wars • Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) • Development of weapons that could intercept and destroy incoming missiles

  16. Mikhail Gorbachev • New Soviet leader (1985) • Summit meetings with Reagan • Believed the USSR must reform its economy or collapse

  17. Election of 1988 • Republican – George Bush Sr. • Democrat – Michael Dukakis • Victory for Bush

  18. Cold War Ends • Late 1980s – Soviet economy in collapse • Gorbachev allowed greater freedoms • Democratic governments in Eastern Europe

  19. Cold War Ends • Nov. 9, 1989 – guards at the Berlin Wall opened the gates • 1990 - East and West Germany reunited

  20. Persian Gulf War • August 1990 – Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait • Jan. 16, 1991 – launch of Operation Desert Storm

  21. Persian Gulf War • Six weeks of missile bombardment • Massive ground attack – 100 hours until Kuwait declared liberated

  22. 1992 Election • Democrat – Bill Clinton • Republican – George Bush • Independent – Ross Perot

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