The world of

1. The world of JESUS

2. Palestine= Place; Israel = People Palestine name given to the Land of Canaan by the Greeks Has 4 main regions Galilee Samaria Judea Idumea Homeland of Jesus born in Judea, raised in Galilee Israel no longer a name for the land, now for the descendents of Jacob (except for the Samaritans)

3. Palestine Varied climate A lot like California Many ecosystems – coastal, valley, mountain, desert, Water Scarcity a serious issue now and in Jesus’ time People dug wells strict rules governed the use of water Vegetation wide variety and abundance juniper , oak common; olive and fig trees most valuable - oil and fruit Imported plants from various conquerors

4. Palestine Animals Both wild and domestic animals were abundant Among the common wild animals that Jesus would have know were boars, foxes, hyenas, wolves, leopards, bears, and lions. Domestic animals included sheep, oxen, donkeys, cows, pigs, roosters, hens, geese, fish and birds.

5. Geographical Factions in Palestine Judea. Region of central Palestine Idumea South of Judea Samaria North of Judea Galilee North of Samaria

6. Food and Meals • Sharing a Meal: A Sacred Act • To “break a bread” was an outward sign of unity and friendship • Sharing a meal showed that • Meat: on special occasions only • considered a luxury • available on a regular basis only to the wealthy. • Staples • Bread most common; then fish • Fish preserved by drying and salting • fresh fish cooked over a charcoal fire • Dinner table • Meals were often eaten in the open air and at flexible times of the day • People ate in reclining position rather than a sitting position. • ate with their hands, used bread as a “dipper” from a flattened metal cup rather than using forks, spoons, and plates.

7. The typical house • Design and Construction • Most houses were neither large nor impressive. • The majority of the people belonged to the lower class • House- one room- divided in half with the people living on one side other room and their animals living on the other side. • Only one door • Some houses were built into the side of a hill • Most houses were made of clay, sometimes baked into bricks. • Only the homes of the rich were made of stone • The roof was made of wattling- which consisted of poles bound together by reeds and grass and then covered with earth. • People kept tools on the roof, spread lined there to dry after washing. • People often slept on roofs in hot weather • Quite common to sit on the roof during times of prayer and meditation. • Pictures are from a reconstructed village called Katzrin in modern Israel.

8. Common occupations • Agriculture • Jewish people had a particular love for work related to earth. • Farmers • Many people were farmers and shepherds • Fishers • Fishing was another common and respected occupation. • Traders • This ranges from carpentry- trade of Jesus and Joseph- to tent making- trade of Paul.