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Review

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  1. Review • Intro K2 • functions of glial cells • parts of neurons • types of neurons • electrical transmission of information • stretch reflex • Genes and Behavior K3 • what are genes? • Heredity, kinds of mutations • Per and Tim genes • genes and disease • Cytology K4 • how are neurons like epithelial cells • cytoskeleton • myelin • spines • Synthesis and Trafficking K5 • translation and transcription • protein sorting and packaging • transport and motors

  2. Ion Channels K6 • selectivity • conformational changes • techniques to study • how gated? • Diversity • Membrane potential K7 • ionic basis • ionic concentrations • how created • Nernst and Goldman Equations • techniques to study • circuit descriptions • Passive Signaling K8 • capacitance • ohm’s law • length and time constants • flow of current • myelin

  3. Action potential K9 • current flow • channel kinetics • activation and inactivation • ball and chain • variations on a theme • diversity of firing properties • delayed firing • bursting • accommodation • mechanisms of voltage gating • modulation of firing rate • Synaptic Transmission Overview K10 • Electrical vs. chemical • Neuromuscular Junction K11 • NMJ vs. Central Synapses • End Plate Potential – nACh • Both Na+ and K+

  4. Synaptic Integration K12 • Excitatory vs. Inhibitory • Spatial and temporal summation • Patterns of inputs • Second messengers • Metabotropic vs. Ionotropic • Second messengers amplify but are slower • Second messengers interact with one another • Second messengers can have both short- and long-term effects • Transmitter Release K 14 • Ca++ trigger • Quantal release • Synaptic vesicles – steps and proteins • Many factors regulate amount of release • Neurotransmitters K 15 • Criteria to be considered a transmitter • Peptides vs. small molecule transmitters • synthesis • Corelease • Removal from cleft

  5. Myasthenia Gravis K 16 • Diagnosis • Treatment • Cause • Early Development P22 • Genetic control • Generation of neural diversity • Construction of Neural Circuits P23 • Growth cone • Axon guidance mechanisms • Topographic maps • Neurotrophic factors • Developmental Plasticity P24 • Critical periods • Ocular dominance plasticity • Adult Plasticity and Learning P25 • Synaptic plasticity • Habituation, Sensitization, Association • LTP and LTD in mammalian brain • Plasticity in adult cerebral cortex

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