Beyond Third Generation Cellular: Convergence of Internet and Cellular Infrastructure Technologies

1. MSC Beyond Third Generation Cellular:Convergence of Internet and Cellular Infrastructure Technologies VLR HLR AUC EIR GSM Core (IP-Based) HA FA BS BSC Randy H. Katz and Reiner Ludwig1 Computer Science Division, EECS Department University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1776 1on assignment from Ericsson Radio Systems ERA/T/N GW GW Next Generation Internet Corporate Intranetwork Proxy Server

2. The Two Hottest Trends inTelecommunications Networks Millions Mobile Telephone Users Internet Users Year Source: Ericsson Radio Systems, Inc.

3. Background • 1st generation: analog cellular • 2nd generation: digital cellular • 3rd generation: multiple, heterogeneous access technologies (WLAN, cellular, satellite) • GSM cellular evolution: data support, higher bandwidth • HSCSD, GPRS, W-CDMA (Ericsson and Nokia) • Core cellular network: evolving towards a combined circuit and packet switching infrastructure • 4th generation: • Eliminate circuit switching through “next generation Internet” integration: voice (and video) over data • New services: voice-data integration w/ multipoint capabilities, intelligent location-aware & “follow me” mobility, push-based information dissemination, ...

4. 3rd Generation Access Technologies Wired Mbps 100 “Mobile Broadband Systems” 60 GHz 100 m range Wireless Local Area Networks 10 “Universal Mobile Telecomms Systems” (UMTS) 1 Cordless 0.1 Cellular 0.01 Office or Room Building Stationary Walking Vehicle Indoors Outdoors

5. Trends • Multimedia over IP networks • Next Generation Internet with features for “soft” QoS • RSVP, Class-based Queuing, Link Scheduling • Voice over IP networks • Packet Voice and Video • RTP and ALF • Intelligence shifts to the network edges • Better, more agile software-based voice and video codecs • Programmable intelligence inside the network • Proxy servers intermixed with switching infrastructure • TACC model & Java code: “write once, run anywhere” Implications for cellular network infrastructure of the 21st century?

6. Issues • Scalability • Must scale to support hundreds of thousands of simultaneous users in a region the size of the SF Bay Area • Functionality • Computer-phone integration • Real-time, multipoint/multicast, location-aware services, security • Home networking, “active” spaces, sensors/actuators • First Principles-based Design • Leverage evolving IP traffic models • Provisioning the network for the extrapolated traffic and services • ProActive Infrastructure • Computing resources spread among switching infrastructure • Computationally intensive services: e.g., voice-to-text • Service and server discovery

7. ProjectVision • How far can we go with a packet-switched cellular core network? • How do you provision an IP network for large numbers of voice users? • What new kinds of data-oriented services can be deployed?

8. ProActive Infrastructure • Computing resources inside the routing topology, not just at the leaves • Paths chosen for location of operators as much as for shortest # of hops • Mobile code that specializes the services provided by servers • Focus on mobility, management of bottleneck links, “integration” services Source Sink Server Router Compute Node

9. Project Areas • Mobility Management • Packet Scheduling in GPRS and W-CDMA • Proxy- and Multicast-Enabled Services

10. Mobility Management • Mobile IP-GSM Mobility Interworking • Mobile IP-GSM authentication interworking • Scalability of Mobile IP/hierarchical agents • Multicast support for mobility • Alternative approach for mobility based on M/C addresses • Exploit multicast routing to reach mobile nodes without explicit handoff • Combine with real-time delivery of voice and video • Generalized redirection agents • Policy-based redirection: e.g., 1-800 service, email to pagers, etc. • Redirection agents collocated with multicast tree branching points

11. Packet Scheduling • Validated ns modeling suite for GSM media access, link layer, routing, and transport layers • GSM channel error models • QoS-aware High Speed Circuit Switched Data (HSCSD), General Packet Radio System (GPRS), and Wideband CDMA (W-CDMA) link scheduling • RSVP signaling integration with bottleneck link scheduling • Fairness and utilization for TCP and RTP flows • Delay bound scheduling for R/T streams • Exploiting asymmetries in downstream/upstream slot assignment, CDMA self-interference

12. New Services • Proxies for Telephony-Computing Integration • GSM-vat-RTP interworking: handset-computer integration • Encapsulating complex data transformations • Speech-to-text, text-to-speech • Composition of services • Voice mail-to-email, email-to-voice mail • Location-aware information services • E.g., traffic reports • Multicast-enabled information services • Multilayered multicast: increasing level of detail as number of subscribed layers increase

13. Project Strategy GSM Infrastructure Elements -- Data over PBMS GSM Network -- GSM Base Station -- Integration with IP-infrastructure Analyze Existing Systems Prototype Elements -- Handset/computer integration -- Java-enabled components -- ProActive infrastructure Design Next Generation Implement New System ns Simulations -- Ericsson channel error models -- GSM-based infrastructure -- GSM media access & link layer

14. Project Schedule • Year 1: 1998 • ns modeling, validation • GSM BTS-IP integration • Initial design of mobility interworking and intelligent networking services • Year 2: 1999 • GSM-Wireless LAN integration • Design of information-push applications • Implement mobility interworking • Year 3: 2000 • Extend testbed with W-CDMA and GPRS • Roaming, scheduling, new applications demonstrations • Fine-tuning and documentation