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TISSUES

TISSUES. I. Introduction. Basics Tissues Group of cells with similar structure and function 2. The study of tissues = Histology. I. Introduction. Basics 3.Tissues consist of two components a) cells b) extracellular matrix of water small solutes

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TISSUES

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  1. TISSUES

  2. I. Introduction • Basics • Tissues Group of cells with similar structure and function 2. The study of tissues = Histology

  3. I. Introduction • Basics 3.Tissuesconsist of two components a) cells b) extracellular matrix of • water • small solutes • fibrous proteins

  4. I. Introduction • There are 4 tissue types 1.      Epithelial tissue protection 2.      Connective tissue support 3.      Muscle tissue movement 4.      Neural tissue control

  5. II. Epithelial Tissue • A. Location • includes outer layer of skin • lines the tubes and open cavities of the digestive and respiratory systems • lines blood vessels & heart

  6. II. Epithelial Tissue • A. Location • covers walls & organs of ventral body cavity • forms glands & sense organs

  7. II. Epithelial Tissue B. Functions 1.  Protects from mechanical & chemical injury 2.  Protects against bacterial invasion 3. Filters, absorbs, secretes

  8. II. Epithelial Tissue • C. Description • tightly packed cells • little or not visible matrix • may have singular or multiple layers

  9. C. Description • has a free surface • is firmly attatched to a basement membrane • 6. can divide rapidly (regeneration)

  10. C. Description • is avascular • receive nutrients by diffusion

  11. D. Classification 1.  Number of cell layers a. Simple • single layer of cells • each cell extends from the basement membrane to the free surface. • Function • absorption, secretion, filtration

  12. D. Classification 1.  Number of cell layers • b. Stratified • more than one layer of cells • only one layer is adjacent to the basement membrane. • high stress areas

  13. D. Classification 1.  Number of cell layers c. Pseudostratified • 1 layer of cells • Each cell touches basement membrane • Appears stratified

  14. II. Epithelium D. Classification 1. Number of cells 2. Cell Shape • a.  Squamous • Squashed, scale like • Flat nucleus

  15. 2. Cell Shape b.  Cuboidal • Squarish or hexagonal in profile • Nucleus round & centrally located

  16. D. Classification 1. Layers • Cell Shape a. Squamous b. Cuboidal c.  Columnar • longer than wide • cylindrical • nucleus near basement membrane

  17. D. Classification 2.  Cell Shape d. Transitional • combination of shapes • tolerates stretching

  18. II. Epithelial Tissue E. Endothelium 1.  Covers and lines a) heart b) blood vessels 2. Simple squamous • slick & thin • capillaries are permeable

  19. II. Epithelial Tissue F. Epithelial Membranes 1.  Epithelium + connective tissue = small organs 2. Mucosae membranes • Line organs, body cavities • Open to exterior • Respiratory, digestive urogenital

  20. F. Epithelial Membranes 2. Mucosae membranes • Lining of mouth = stratified squamous • Lg & Sm Intestine = columnar

  21. F. Epithelial Membranes 3. Serosa • Lines ventral, visceral, parietal cavities walls of air sacs in lungs = simple squamous

  22. F. Epithelial Membranes 3. Synovial • Lines joints • cushions, protects

  23. G. Cutaneous Epithelium 1. Is the skin • Keratinized, dry epidermis 2. Epidermis is stratified squamous

  24. II. Epithelium H. Glandular Epithelium 1.  Characteristics a) cells specialized to produce and secrete substances b) cells typically columnar or cuboidal c) Kinds: Endocrine & Exocrine

  25. H. Glandular Epithelium 2.  Endocrine: a) produce hormones which regulate or coordinate other cells

  26. H. Glandular Epithelium 2.  Endocrine: b) ductless: release secretions into the blood

  27. H. Glandular Epithelium 2.  Endocrine: c) Examples: thyroid, pituitary, adrenal

  28. THYROID GLAND LUMEN

  29. H. Glandular Epithelium 3.  Exocrine: a) release secretions into the ducts b) Examples: salivary, mammary, sweat, oil

  30. E. Glandular Epithelium 3.  Exocrine: c) Structure simple - unbranched compound – branched

  31. E. Glandular Epithelium 3.  Exocrine: c) Structure tubular – uniform diameter

  32. E. Glandular Epithelium 3.  Exocrine: c) Structure acinar – secretory cells in sac at end

  33. E. Glandular Epithelium 3.  Exocrine: c) Structure tubuloacinar – secretory cells in both sac and tube

  34. Connective TissueThe most abundant tissue • A. Functions • bind structures together • (tendons) • provide support • (bones) • protection • (cartilage • insulation • (fat) • transportation • ) (blood)

  35. III. Connective Tissue • B. Description • cells scattered among fibers and matrix • intercellular material • Vascular to avascular • Cells capable of division

  36. III. Connective Tissue • C. Kinds of Fibers (Protein) • Collagen • Strong & flexible • Reticular • Fine branching fibers form supporting framework • Elastic • stong & elastic

  37. III. Connective Tissue • D. Kinds of Cells • Fibroblast • Makes fibers & matrix • Fibrocyte • Mature fibroblast • 3. Macrophage • Defense, phagocytosis • Plasma cell • Makes antibodies

  38. III. Connective Tissue • D. Kinds of Cells • 5. Mast Cells • Release heparin (anti-coagulant) • Release histamine (dilates small blood vessels) • 6. Fat Cells • Mature fibroblast

  39. III. Connective Tissue E. Areolar connective tissue1. Structure • collagenous & elastic fibers • all 6 types of connective tissue cells • filmy matrix

  40. III. Connective Tissue E. Areolar connective tissue 2. Function • Covers organs • Holds vessels & nerves in place • 2nd line of defense • Location • Mucous membranes • Under skin • Between tissues of organs

  41. III. Connective Tissue • Structure • Collagen fibers • Fibroblasts and macrophages • Dense matrix F. Dense connective tissue

  42. III. Connective Tissue • Function • Provide strength F. Dense connective tissue • Location • Tendons • Ligaments

  43. III. Connective Tissue • Structure • elastic fibers • Few fibroblasts G. Elastic connective tissue • Function • Allows stretching • Location • Lungs • Trachea • Arteries

  44. III. Connective Tissue • Structure • Reticular fibers • Thin matrix H. Reticular connective tissue • Function • Hold cells of loose organs together • Location • Liver • Spleen • Bone marrow

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