Chemical Energy and ATP

1. Chemical Energy and ATP

2. Chemical Energy and ATP • Energy in glucose & lipids is converted into ATP • Adenosine triphosphate • Energy for work is stored in ATP bonds

3. Energy and ATP ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE • Energy in glucose & lipids is converted into ATP • Adenosine triphosphate • Energy for work is stored in ATP bonds • Energy released when 3rd phosphate is broken off • 3rd bond unstable…easily broken • ADP left over P P ENERGY P

4. Energy and ATP ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE P ENERGY • Energy in glucose & lipids is converted into ATP • Adenosine triphosphate • Energy for work is stored in ATP bonds • Energy released when 3rd phosphate is broken off • 3rd bond unstable…easily broken • ADP left over • ATP recreated with the addition of another phosphate group P P P

5. Energy and ATP • Energy in glucose & lipids is converted into ATP • Adenosine triphosphate • Energy for work is stored in ATP bonds • Energy released when 3rd phosphate is broken off • 3rd bond unstable…easily broken • ADP left over • ATP recreated with the addition of another phosphate group

6. Digestion Simple sugar • Purpose: Break food into useable molecules to create ATP • High calorie foods will produce more ATP molecules Simple sugar Simple sugar ATP ATP ATP ATP Complex sugar Simple sugar Simple sugar Simple sugar

7. Digestion • Purpose: Break food into useable molecules to create ATP • High calorie foods will produce more ATP molecules • Carbohydrates commonly used to make ATP • 1 glucose = 36 ATP 36 ATP

8. Digestion • Purpose: Break food into useable molecules to create ATP • High calorie foods will produce more ATP molecules • Carbohydrates commonly used to make ATP • 1 glucose = 36 ATP • Lipids • 1 triglyceride = 146 ATP 146 ATP

9. Digestion • Purpose: Break food into useable molecules to create ATP • High calorie foods will produce more ATP molecules • Carbohydrates commonly used to make ATP • 1 glucose = 36 ATP • Lipids • 1 triglyceride = 146 ATP • Proteins less likely to be broken into ATP • Amino acids are needed for other processes

10. Energy on Earth • Most life relies on sunlight directly or indirectly • Directly: Plants • Indirectly: Animals • Exceptions: Chemotrophs • Hydrothermal vents release chemicals called sulfides • Unique bacteria feed on the sulfides to make ATP (chemosynthesis) sulfides sulfides

11. Review • Where is the energy of ATP stored? • How is ADP and ATP different? • What’s the purpose of digestion? • Why are proteins less likely to be broken into ATP? • How much ATP is created by a triglyceride? • How much ATP is created by a molecule of glucose? • How is chemosynthesis and photosynthesis similar? Different?

12. Review • Where is the energy of ATP stored? • In its bonds • How is ADP and ATP different? • ADP has one less phosphate molecule than ATP. ATP is a higher energy molecule. • What’s the purpose of digestion? • Break food into useable molecules to create ATP • Why are proteins less likely to be broken into ATP? • Amino acids are needed for other processes • How much ATP is created by a triglyceride? • 1 triglyceride = 146 ATP molecules • How much ATP is created by a molecule of glucose? • 1 molecule of glucose = 36 ATP molecules • How is chemosynthesis and photosynthesis similar? Different? • Similar: Both are processes that capture energy and store it as sugars • Different: Chemosynthesis captures chemicals to make sugars • Different: Photosynthesis captures sunlight to make sugars