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S-1. Florida Department of Law Enforcement Criminal Justice Standards and Training Commission. S-1. S-1. CJSTC Use Of Force Application Tool Law Enforcement Scenarios Part 1 (1-25) CMS Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics CJK_0051. What subject factors influence this situation?

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  1. S-1 Florida Department of Law EnforcementCriminal Justice Standards and Training Commission S-1 S-1 CJSTC Use Of ForceApplication Tool Law Enforcement Scenarios Part 1 (1-25) CMS Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics CJK_0051

  2. What subject factors influence this situation? Physical size? Demeanor? Weapons? Other? What officer factors influence this situation? Physical size? Training? Experience? Other? Can I physically control the subject? Could I use a nonlethal weapon not meant to cause death or great bodily harm? Is deadly force the appropriate option to prevent death or great bodily harm to myself or others? What other factors influence this situation? Is the subject resisting my lawful authority? Is the subject making attacking movements NOT LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? Is the subject making attacking movements LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? What environmental factors influence this situation? Presence of others? Weather? Location? CJSTC Use of Force Application Exercise Scenarios—Part 1 (choose one) Law Enforcement12345678910111213141516171819202122232425

  3. What subject factors influence this situation? Physical size? Demeanor? Weapons? Other? What officer factors influence this situation? Physical size? Training? Experience? Other? Physical presence? Use verbal commands? Use physical control? Use nonlethal weapon? Use deadly force? What other factors influence this situation? Is the subject resisting my lawful authority? Is the subject making attacking movements NOT LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? Is the subject making attacking movements LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? What environmental factors influence this situation? Presence of others? Weather? Location? LE Scenario 1 You and three other officers respond to the call of an armed robbery in progress. A witness called police after observing a Caucasian male remove a rifle from the trunk of a car parked in the front parking lot of a men’s retail clothing store. The store is in a shopping center facing a busy four-lane highway. The store and other businesses in the shopping center closed about 30 minutes earlier. The suspect is approximately 30 years old, of medium build, and dressed in a shirt and tie. He looks disheveled. He enters the store and appears to lock the door behind him, while holding the rifle in plain view. He then places a CLOSED sign on the glass front door and disappears from view. You and the other officers arriving on the scene take up points of observation at the front and back doors. In about 10 minutes, the suspect abruptly kicks open the front door and comes out of the store holding racks of clothes in his arms. No weapon is visible.

  4. White male 30 years old Medium build Possibly armed with rifle 4 officers Officers have cover Given the facts provided, the officer may use one or more of the following: Physical presence Verbal commands Physical control Nonlethal weapon Store closed Potential injury Unknown person(s) inside Possible hostage situation Availability of other LE resources Closed shopping center Busy highway LE Scenario 1 You and three other officers respond to the call of an armed robbery in progress. A witness called police after observing a Caucasian male remove a rifle from the trunk of a car parked in the front parking lot of a men’s retail clothing store. The store is in a shopping center facing a busy four-lane highway. The store and other businesses in the shopping center closed about 30 minutes earlier. The suspect is approximately 30 years old, of medium build, and dressed in a shirt and tie. He looks disheveled. He enters the store and appears to lock the door behind him, while holding the rifle in plain view. He then places a CLOSED sign on the glass front door and disappears from view. You and the other officers arriving on the scene take up points of observation at the front and back doors. In about 10 minutes, the suspect abruptly kicks open the front door and comes out of the store holding racks of clothes in his arms. No weapon is visible.

  5. What subject factors influence this situation? Physical size? Demeanor? Weapons? Other? What officer factors influence this situation? Physical size? Training? Experience? Other? Physical presence? Use verbal commands? Use physical control? Use nonlethal weapon? Use deadly force? What other factors influence this situation? Is the subject resisting my lawful authority? Is the subject making attacking movements NOT LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? Is the subject making attacking movements LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? What environmental factors influence this situation? Presence of others? Weather? Location? LE Scenario 2 You are a 5’6”, 145 lb female patrol officer. You have stopped a male subject for failing to drive within a single lane. He is 5’9” and 195 lb. He has bloodshot eyes, smells of an alcoholic beverage, has slurred speech, and is unable to stand without supporting himself. You ask him to perform the standardized field sobriety exercises, which he does. You determine that he is under the influence and needs to be placed under arrest. He has been compliant with no problems. You place one handcuff on him without resistance. When you begin to cuff the second hand, he stiffens his cuffed arm and moves the other arm from the middle of his back.

  6. Male 5’9”, 195 lb Under the influence Becomes noncompliant One cuffed hand Female 5’6”, 145 lb Given the facts provided, the officer may use one or more of the following: Physical presence Verbal commands Physical control Nonlethal weapon Roadside Traffic LE Scenario 2 You are a 5’6”, 145 lb female patrol officer. You have stopped a male subject for failing to drive within a single lane. He is 5’9” and 195 lb. He has bloodshot eyes, smells of an alcoholic beverage, has slurred speech, and is unable to stand without supporting himself. You ask him to perform the standardized field sobriety exercises, which he does. You determine that he is under the influence and needs to be placed under arrest. He has been compliant with no problems. You place one handcuff on him without resistance. When you begin to cuff the second hand, he stiffens his cuffed arm and moves the other arm from the middle of his back.

  7. What subject factors influence this situation? Physical size? Demeanor? Weapons? Other? What officer factors influence this situation? Physical size? Training? Experience? Other? Physical presence? Use verbal commands? Use physical control? Use nonlethal weapon? Use deadly force? What other factors influence this situation? Is the subject resisting my lawful authority? Is the subject making attacking movements NOT LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? Is the subject making attacking movements LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? What environmental factors influence this situation? Presence of others? Weather? Location? LE Scenario 3 While on patrol at night alongside a river, you see a man in a boat that is anchored just offshore with no lights. After notifying dispatch and requesting backup, you exit your vehicle and watch the man lift a large object that looks like a rolled-up carpet and push it into the water. You know that two bodies have been dumped into rivers in nearby counties in the past six months. Both victims were sexually assaulted and shot with a .45 caliber firearm. You are about 30 yards away from the man. Weapon in hand, you shine your flashlight on the man, identify yourself, and tell him to stop and put his hands in the air. Instead, he moves toward the wheel and starts the boat motor. You are considered an expert marksman and feel confident that you could strike the man or the boat motor if you fired your weapon.

  8. One male visible Possibly armed Leaving the area On shore Availability of backup Marksmanship Given the facts provided, the officer may use one or more of the following: Physical presence Verbal commands Potential for injury Other people in boat Circumstances fitting BOLOs from other counties Boat in water offshore Limited visibility LE Scenario 3 While on patrol at night alongside a river, you see a man in a boat that is anchored just offshore with no lights. After notifying dispatch and requesting backup, you exit your vehicle and watch the man lift a large object that looks like a rolled-up carpet and push it into the water. You know that two bodies have been dumped into rivers in nearby counties in the past six months. Both victims were sexually assaulted and shot with a .45 caliber firearm. You are about 30 yards away from the man. Weapon in hand, you shine your flashlight on the man, identify yourself, and tell him to stop and put his hands in the air. Instead, he moves toward the wheel and starts the boat motor. You are considered an expert marksman and feel confident that you could strike the man or the boat motor if you fired your weapon.

  9. What subject factors influence this situation? Physical size? Demeanor? Weapons? Other? What officer factors influence this situation? Physical size? Training? Experience? Other? Physical presence? Use verbal commands? Use physical control? Use nonlethal weapon? Use deadly force? What other factors influence this situation? Is the subject resisting my lawful authority? Is the subject making attacking movements NOT LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? Is the subject making attacking movements LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? What environmental factors influence this situation? Presence of others? Weather? Location? LE Scenario 4 You are on patrol in the summertime at 7:00 p.m., driving through an affluent residential area. You see a nicely dressed woman leaning into a car window in a driveway. You stop and get out of your marked patrol car and ask the woman if you can talk to her. She says, “No, I don't have time to talk with you. I don't like cops.” She turns away from you and walks between two houses.

  10. Female Nicely dressed Noncompliant Does not like police One officer in uniform In a marked patrol car Given the facts provided, the officer may use one or more of the following: Physical presence Affluent residential area Summer time 7:00 p.m. Private property LE Scenario 4 You are on patrol in the summertime at 7:00 p.m., driving through an affluent residential area. You see a nicely dressed woman leaning into a car window in a driveway. You stop and get out of your marked patrol car and ask the woman if you can talk to her. She says, “No, I don't have time to talk with you. I don't like cops.” She turns away from you and walks between two houses.

  11. What subject factors influence this situation? Physical size? Demeanor? Weapons? Other? What officer factors influence this situation? Physical size? Training? Experience? Other? Physical presence? Use verbal commands? Use physical control? Use nonlethal weapon? Use deadly force? What other factors influence this situation? Is the subject resisting my lawful authority? Is the subject making attacking movements NOT LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? Is the subject making attacking movements LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? What environmental factors influence this situation? Presence of others? Weather? Location? LE Scenario 5 You are on patrol on I-4 in the rain during a hot summer day when you notice a vehicle in the emergency lane. A man (5’10”, 200 lb) is standing outside the parked car. You are a 5’7”, 135 lb female officer. You stop and activate your emergency lights to warn other traffic of the disabled vehicle. When you get out of your patrol car, the man begins to yell and scream while quickly walking toward you saying his car broke down and he is late for work. He is cursing and clenching his fists.

  12. 5’10”, 200 lb Upset, yelling, screaming Cursing Clenching fists Female 5’7”, 135 lb Given the facts provided, the officer may use one or more of the following: Physical presence Verbal commands On interstate highway Hot, rainy weather Traffic LE Scenario 5 You are on patrol on I-4 in the rain during a hot summer day when you notice a vehicle in the emergency lane. A man (5’10”, 200 lb) is standing outside the parked car. You are a 5’7”, 135 lb female officer. You stop and activate your emergency lights to warn other traffic of the disabled vehicle. When you get out of your patrol car, the man begins to yell and scream while quickly walking toward you saying his car broke down and he is late for work. He is cursing and clenching his fists.

  13. What subject factors influence this situation? Physical size? Demeanor? Weapons? Other? What officer factors influence this situation? Physical size? Training? Experience? Other? Physical presence? Use verbal commands? Use physical control? Use nonlethal weapon? Use deadly force? What other factors influence this situation? Is the subject resisting my lawful authority? Is the subject making attacking movements NOT LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? Is the subject making attacking movements LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? What environmental factors influence this situation? Presence of others? Weather? Location? LE Scenario 6 You respond as backup to a pool hall for a disorderly, intoxicated male patron refusing to pay his bill. The business is on the second floor of a two-story building. Access is by stairs in an enclosed private entrance that opens six feet from a busy four-lane road. Another officer is already on scene when you arrive, and he is handling the situation and checking the patron for warrants. The patron has a male friend who is trying to distract the officer. You engage the friend in a conversation and get him to move away while the officer conducts his investigation. Dispatch advises that the intoxicated male has an outstanding warrant. The officer handcuffs him, and as they are walking out, the patron starts to resist by twisting, pulling, and kicking the officer. This is taking place at the top of the stairs with several other patrons close by.

  14. Two males One intoxicated One interfering Validated warrant Two officers Given the facts provided, the officer may use one or more of the following: Physical presence Verbal commands Physical control Nonlethal weapon Several other patrons are there Business open to public Second floor access by stairs only Exterior door opens to a busy roadway Encounter at top of stairs LE Scenario 6 You respond as backup to a pool hall for a disorderly, intoxicated male patron refusing to pay his bill. The business is on the second floor of a two-story building. Access is by stairs in an enclosed private entrance that opens six feet from a busy four-lane road. Another officer is already on scene when you arrive, and he is handling the situation and checking the patron for warrants. The patron has a male friend who is trying to distract the officer. You engage the friend in a conversation and get him to move away while the officer conducts his investigation. Dispatch advises that the intoxicated male has an outstanding warrant. The officer handcuffs him, and as they are walking out, the patron starts to resist by twisting, pulling, and kicking the officer. This is taking place at the top of the stairs with several other patrons close by.

  15. What subject factors influence this situation? Physical size? Demeanor? Weapons? Other? What officer factors influence this situation? Physical size? Training? Experience? Other? Physical presence? Use verbal commands? Use physical control? Use nonlethal weapon? Use deadly force? What other factors influence this situation? Is the subject resisting my lawful authority? Is the subject making attacking movements NOT LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? Is the subject making attacking movements LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? What environmental factors influence this situation? Presence of others? Weather? Location? LE Scenario 7 You respond to a domestic violence call to find a man and a woman standing in the front yard of a residence, drinking beer, and yelling at each other. The woman has a bloody, swollen lip and claims that the man present is her live-in boyfriend and is the person who hit her. The boyfriend begins yelling and becomes increasingly aggressive towards the woman, pointing his finger in her face and balling his fist. She yells back at him and slaps his hand away. She then throws her can of beer at him and begins to walk towards the front door of the residence in an attempt to go inside.

  16. One female subject One male subject Woman has visible injury Both agitated Both drinking alcohol One officer Given the facts provided, the officer may use one or more of the following: Physical presence Verbal commands Physical control Nonlethal weapon Nature of complaint Potential for injury Potential for escalation Availability of weapons Outside a residence LE Scenario 7 You respond to a domestic violence call to find a man and a woman standing in the front yard of a residence, drinking beer, and yelling at each other. The woman has a bloody, swollen lip and claims that the man present is her live-in boyfriend and is the person who hit her. The boyfriend begins yelling and becomes increasingly aggressive towards the woman, pointing his finger in her face and balling his fist. She yells back at him and slaps his hand away. She then throws her can of beer at him and begins to walk towards the front door of the residence in an attempt to go inside.

  17. What subject factors influence this situation? Physical size? Demeanor? Weapons? Other? What officer factors influence this situation? Physical size? Training? Experience? Other? Physical presence? Use verbal commands? Use physical control? Use nonlethal weapon? Use deadly force? What other factors influence this situation? Is the subject resisting my lawful authority? Is the subject making attacking movements NOT LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? Is the subject making attacking movements LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? What environmental factors influence this situation? Presence of others? Weather? Location? LE Scenario 8 You and another officer respond to a mobile home park to find two women in the front yard yelling at each other; both subjects have a can of beer in their hand and have been drinking for several hours. One of the women tells you that the two live together and are arguing about money. A neighbor loudly complains that the women let their dogs bark day and night. Several of the neighbors begin to accumulate around the residence and start yelling obscene remarks at the two women. One of the women throws a full can of beer into the crowd, striking a man in the head and causing a laceration. She then begins walking towards the crowd, cursing at them.

  18. Two females Intoxication Cursing Availability of additional weapons Two officers Given the facts provided, the officer may use one or more of the following: Physical presence Verbal commands Physical control Nonlethal weapon Agitated crowd Apparent negative relationship with neighbors Increased problem if action is not taken Injured man in crowd Mobile home park Outsidetwo officers LE Scenario 8 You and another officer respond to a mobile home park to find two women in the front yard yelling at each other; both subjects have a can of beer in their hand and have been drinking for several hours. One of the women tells you that the two live together and are arguing about money. A neighbor loudly complains that the women let their dogs bark day and night. Several of the neighbors begin to accumulate around the residence and start yelling obscene remarks at the two women. One of the women throws a full can of beer into the crowd, striking a man in the head and causing a laceration. She then begins walking towards the crowd, cursing at them.

  19. What subject factors influence this situation? Physical size? Demeanor? Weapons? Other? What officer factors influence this situation? Physical size? Training? Experience? Other? Physical presence? Use verbal commands? Use physical control? Use nonlethal weapon? Use deadly force? What other factors influence this situation? Is the subject resisting my lawful authority? Is the subject making attacking movements NOT LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? Is the subject making attacking movements LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? What environmental factors influence this situation? Presence of others? Weather? Location? LE Scenario 9 You respond to a parking lot of a local shopping center because of a disturbance between a man and a woman. Upon arrival, the man tells you that they are there to exchange their kids for a scheduled visitation as per a court order. He also claims that his ex-wife scratched him across the chest and face because she is jealous of his new girlfriend. The woman refuses to talk about what happened. She just wants to talk about how he cheated on her, which caused the divorce three months ago. When you run their names in FCIC/NCIC, you find that the woman has a warrant for domestic battery, which stems from a complaint from her current boyfriend. When you walk over to place her under arrest, you see her looking back and forth between you and the empty parking lot.

  20. One female History of violence Outstanding warrant for battery One officer Given the facts provided, the officer may use one or more of the following: Physical presence Verbal commands Physical control Nonlethal weapon Ex-husband and children present One injury Possible bystanders Parking lot Traffic LE Scenario 9 You respond to a parking lot of a local shopping center because of a disturbance between a man and a woman. Upon arrival, the man tells you that they are there to exchange their kids for a scheduled visitation as per a court order. He also claims that his ex-wife scratched him across the chest and face because she is jealous of his new girlfriend. The woman refuses to talk about what happened. She just wants to talk about how he cheated on her, which caused the divorce three months ago. When you run their names in FCIC/NCIC, you find that the woman has a warrant for domestic battery, which stems from a complaint from her current boyfriend. When you walk over to place her under arrest, you see her looking back and forth between you and the empty parking lot.

  21. What subject factors influence this situation? Physical size? Demeanor? Weapons? Other? What officer factors influence this situation? Physical size? Training? Experience? Other? Physical presence? Use verbal commands? Use physical control? Use nonlethal weapon? Use deadly force? What other factors influence this situation? Is the subject resisting my lawful authority? Is the subject making attacking movements NOT LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? Is the subject making attacking movements LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? What environmental factors influence this situation? Presence of others? Weather? Location? LE Scenario 10 You and another officer respond to a local night club because of a disturbance between a man and a woman. When you and the other officer make contact with the female, she has severe redness on her neck/throat area and upper arms. She tells you that her boyfriend choked her and grabbed her by her upper arm. Her boyfriend, Steve, also carries a 2–3 inch knife in his front pocket. Approximately four hours later, you and your partner spot Steve standing outside another night club. As soon as Steve sees you, he places his left hand in his pocket while he holds a drink in his right hand. As you get closer, he removes his hand from his pocket, and you see a shiny object that looks like a small knife. There are hundreds of people moving around on the sidewalks, and the music from the club is very loud.

  22. One male Known violence Possibly armed with knife Two officers Given the facts provided, the officer may use one or more of the following: Physical presence Verbal commands Physical control Nonlethal weapon Availability of backup Large crowd Presence of alcohol Nighttime Outside nightclub Loud music LE Scenario 10 You and another officer respond to a local night club because of a disturbance between a man and a woman. When you and the other officer make contact with the female, she has severe redness on her neck/throat area and upper arms. She tells you that her boyfriend choked her and grabbed her by her upper arm. Her boyfriend, Steve, also carries a 2–3 inch knife in his front pocket. Approximately four hours later, you and your partner spot Steve standing outside another night club. As soon as Steve sees you, he places his left hand in his pocket while he holds a drink in his right hand. As you get closer, he removes his hand from his pocket, and you see a shiny object that looks like a small knife. There are hundreds of people moving around on the sidewalks, and the music from the club is very loud.

  23. What subject factors influence this situation? Physical size? Demeanor? Weapons? Other? What officer factors influence this situation? Physical size? Training? Experience? Other? Physical presence? Use verbal commands? Use physical control? Use nonlethal weapon? Use deadly force? What other factors influence this situation? Is the subject resisting my lawful authority? Is the subject making attacking movements NOT LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? Is the subject making attacking movements LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? What environmental factors influence this situation? Presence of others? Weather? Location? LE Scenario 11 You are a 24-year-old officer who has been on the job for six months. You are in good physical condition, 6’1”, 190 lb. You are called in the middle of the afternoon to a domestic violence complaint. When you arrive, you meet a woman approximately 31 years old who tells you that she wants her boyfriend to move out of her house because he is physically abusive. Previously, out of fear she has not reported several instances of abuse. She states that her boyfriend is at work. You are explaining the options available to her. Suddenly, the front door bursts open, and the boyfriend stomps in and yells, “What the heck is going on?” He lunges at you with a balled fist. The male subject is 45 years old, about 5’9”, and approximately 160 lb.

  24. 5’9”, 160 lb 45 years old Reported to be physically violent Makes movements indicating physical threats 24 years old Rookie officer Good physical condition 6’1”, 190 lb Given the facts provided, the officer may use one or more of the following: Physical presence Verbal commands Physical control Nonlethal weapon Availability of weapons Residence LE Scenario 11 You are a 24-year-old officer who has been on the job for six months. You are in good physical condition, 6’1”, 190 lb. You are called in the middle of the afternoon to a domestic violence complaint. When you arrive, you meet a woman approximately 31 years old who tells you that she wants her boyfriend to move out of her house because he is physically abusive. Previously, out of fear she has not reported several instances of abuse. She states that her boyfriend is at work. You are explaining the options available to her. Suddenly, the front door bursts open, and the boyfriend stomps in and yells, “What the heck is going on?” He lunges at you with a balled fist. The male subject is 45 years old, about 5’9”, and approximately 160 lb.

  25. What subject factors influence this situation? Physical size? Demeanor? Weapons? Other? What officer factors influence this situation? Physical size? Training? Experience? Other? Physical presence? Use verbal commands? Use physical control? Use nonlethal weapon? Use deadly force? What other factors influence this situation? Is the subject resisting my lawful authority? Is the subject making attacking movements NOT LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? Is the subject making attacking movements LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? What environmental factors influence this situation? Presence of others? Weather? Location? LE Scenario 12 You are a patrol officer with five years experience. Just before your shift ends on a clear, sunny day, you are driving through a private, suburban neighborhood when you see a car stopping, starting, and swerving left to right on a two-lane street. You conduct a traffic stop and collect the driver license and proof of insurance. The driver is a Caucasian female, approximately 5’3” and 170 lb. You ask the driver to exit the vehicle. You notice that she has a large, leather purse on her right shoulder. A front-seat passenger, an African-American male, approximately 6’, 160 lb, is quietly observing. You are a Caucasian male, 6’1”, 185 lb and are feeling tired. The driver opens the door but refuses to exit the vehicle. She argues that she is sober and feels she is being stopped because her boyfriend, the passenger, is African-American.

  26. Driver - Caucasian female 5’3”, 170 lb Female with large leather purse on right shoulder Female is noncompliant, argumentative, claims racial bias Passenger – African-American male, 6’, 160 lb Male is observing Caucasian male 6’1”, 185 lb 5 years experience Feeling tired, end of shift Given the facts provided, the officer may use one or more of the following: Physical presence Verbal commands Physical control Nonlethal weapon Residential neighborhood Clear, sunny day LE Scenario 12 You are a patrol officer with five years experience. Just before your shift ends on a clear, sunny day, you are driving through a private, suburban neighborhood when you see a car stopping, starting, and swerving left to right on a two-lane street. You conduct a traffic stop and collect the driver license and proof of insurance. The driver is a Caucasian female, approximately 5’3” and 170 lb. You ask the driver to exit the vehicle. You notice that she has a large, leather purse on her right shoulder. A front-seat passenger, an African-American male, approximately 6’, 160 lb, is quietly observing. You are a Caucasian male, 6’1”, 185 lb and are feeling tired. The driver opens the door but refuses to exit the vehicle. She argues that she is sober and feels she is being stopped because her boyfriend, the passenger, is African-American.

  27. What subject factors influence this situation? Physical size? Demeanor? Weapons? Other? What officer factors influence this situation? Physical size? Training? Experience? Other? Physical presence? Use verbal commands? Use physical control? Use nonlethal weapon? Use deadly force? What other factors influence this situation? Is the subject resisting my lawful authority? Is the subject making attacking movements NOT LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? Is the subject making attacking movements LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? What environmental factors influence this situation? Presence of others? Weather? Location? LE Scenario 13 You are a six-year veteran and have just started your midnight shift. You see a pickup truck traveling at 62 mph in a 25 mph zone in the oncoming lane of traffic, forcing other drivers to move over to avoid hitting the truck. You activate your lights. The truck makes a sudden right turn into a mobile home park. You pull up behind the stopped car and call dispatch. A Caucasian male gets out of the truck and starts staggering toward your patrol car. You get out of your vehicle, stand behind your door, and direct the subject to get back in his car. The man argues in slurred speech, cursing you, and continues toward you. You give a more forceful verbal command, telling him to get back in his truck. The man does not obey your commands and continues moving toward you.

  28. One male Appears drunk Slurred speech, cursing Moving towards the officer One officer 6 years experience Practicing officer safety Given the facts provided, the officer may use one or more of the following: Physical presence Verbal commands Physical control Traffic Off main roadway In mobile home park Nighttime LE Scenario 13 You are a six-year veteran and have just started your midnight shift. You see a pickup truck traveling at 62 mph in a 25 mph zone in the oncoming lane of traffic, forcing other drivers to move over to avoid hitting the truck. You activate your lights. The truck makes a sudden right turn into a mobile home park. You pull up behind the stopped car and call dispatch. A Caucasian male gets out of the truck and starts staggering toward your patrol car. You get out of your vehicle, stand behind your door, and direct the subject to get back in his car. The man argues in slurred speech, cursing you, and continues toward you. You give a more forceful verbal command, telling him to get back in his truck. The man does not obey your commands and continues moving toward you.

  29. What subject factors influence this situation? Physical size? Demeanor? Weapons? Other? What officer factors influence this situation? Physical size? Training? Experience? Other? Physical presence? Use verbal commands? Use physical control? Use nonlethal weapon? Use deadly force? What other factors influence this situation? Is the subject resisting my lawful authority? Is the subject making attacking movements NOT LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? Is the subject making attacking movements LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? What environmental factors influence this situation? Presence of others? Weather? Location? LE Scenario 14 You are on patrol en route to the station for a 3:00 p.m. meeting with your sergeant. As you pull up to the stop sign at Trenton Street and Willard Road, you see an elderly man standing in the middle of the busy intersection. The man acts disoriented and is yelling that he is looking for his lost dog. You safely park your patrol car, activate lights, and signal for traffic to stop. You approach the man to try to lead him out of the roadway, and he becomes combative. He is nonresponsive to simple questions about his name, address, and need for assistance. You suspect that he may be suffering from dementia.

  30. Elderly man Disoriented Possible dementia Nonresponsive Combative Alone In uniform In marked patrol car Given the facts provided, the officer may use one or more of the following: Physical presence Verbal commands Physical control In busy intersection Oncoming traffic LE Scenario 14 You are on patrol en route to the station for a 3:00 p.m. meeting with your sergeant. As you pull up to the stop sign at Trenton Street and Willard Road, you see an elderly man standing in the middle of the busy intersection. The man acts disoriented and is yelling that he is looking for his lost dog. You safely park your patrol car, activate lights, and signal for traffic to stop. You approach the man to try to lead him out of the roadway, and he becomes combative. He is nonresponsive to simple questions about his name, address, and need for assistance. You suspect that he may be suffering from dementia.

  31. What subject factors influence this situation? Physical size? Demeanor? Weapons? Other? What officer factors influence this situation? Physical size? Training? Experience? Other? Physical presence? Use verbal commands? Use physical control? Use nonlethal weapon? Use deadly force? What other factors influence this situation? Is the subject resisting my lawful authority? Is the subject making attacking movements NOT LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? Is the subject making attacking movements LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? What environmental factors influence this situation? Presence of others? Weather? Location? LE Scenario 15 You are a patrol officer working your zone on I-10 heading west. You clock a vehicle at 85 mph in a 70 mph zone. You make a u-turn and activate your emergency equipment. As you close in on the speeding vehicle, you notice the vehicle has very dark, tinted windows. Dispatch advises that the vehicle was used in a recent homicide in your county. The vehicle pulls onto the center grass median instead of the paved emergency shoulder. You use the PA of your patrol car to ask the driver to shut the car off and exit the car with his hands in the air. The driver does not respond. Backup arrives with K-9. The driver opens the door but refuses to get out of the car.

  32. At least one subject Assumed to be homicide suspect Noncompliant At least two officers are K-9 Given the facts provided, the officer may use one or more of the following: Physical presence Verbal commands Physical control Nonlethal weapon Dark tinted windows restricts visibility Vehicle used in homicide In the center grass median of interstate highway LE Scenario 15 You are a patrol officer working your zone on I-10 heading west. You clock a vehicle at 85 mph in a 70 mph zone. You make a u-turn and activate your emergency equipment. As you close in on the speeding vehicle, you notice the vehicle has very dark, tinted windows. Dispatch advises that the vehicle was used in a recent homicide in your county. The vehicle pulls onto the center grass median instead of the paved emergency shoulder. You use the PA of your patrol car to ask the driver to shut the car off and exit the car with his hands in the air. The driver does not respond. Backup arrives with K-9. The driver opens the door but refuses to get out of the car.

  33. What subject factors influence this situation? Physical size? Demeanor? Weapons? Other? What officer factors influence this situation? Physical size? Training? Experience? Other? Physical presence? Use verbal commands? Use physical control? Use nonlethal weapon? Use deadly force? What other factors influence this situation? Is the subject resisting my lawful authority? Is the subject making attacking movements NOT LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? Is the subject making attacking movements LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? What environmental factors influence this situation? Presence of others? Weather? Location? LE Scenario 16 You and two other officers respond to an alarm indicating a bank robbery in progress. When you arrive on the scene, you observe a masked individual running from the bank with what appears to be a gun in his right hand. You identify yourself and order the subject to stop. In response, the subject fires two shots in your direction. As you and the other officers dive for cover, the subject flees into a nearby crowded restaurant. You pursue the subject and, from the entrance to the restaurant, observe the subject making his way through the crowd toward the rear exit.

  34. One known subject, masked Armed with handgun Attempting to escape 3 officers Given the facts provided, the officer may use one or more of the following: Physical presence Verbal commands Physical control Nonlethal weapon Deadly force Shots fired Crowds of people Available exits Possible hostages Business open to public LE Scenario 16 You and two other officers respond to an alarm indicating a bank robbery in progress. When you arrive on the scene, you observe a masked individual running from the bank with what appears to be a gun in his right hand. You identify yourself and order the subject to stop. In response, the subject fires two shots in your direction. As you and the other officers dive for cover, the subject flees into a nearby crowded restaurant. You pursue the subject and, from the entrance to the restaurant, observe the subject making his way through the crowd toward the rear exit.

  35. What subject factors influence this situation? Physical size? Demeanor? Weapons? Other? What officer factors influence this situation? Physical size? Training? Experience? Other? Physical presence? Use verbal commands? Use physical control? Use nonlethal weapon? Use deadly force? What other factors influence this situation? Is the subject resisting my lawful authority? Is the subject making attacking movements NOT LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? Is the subject making attacking movements LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? What environmental factors influence this situation? Presence of others? Weather? Location? LE Scenario 17 You and another officer go to the residence of the ex-wife of a felony drug fugitive who jumped bail, hoping to interview the woman about her former spouse’s whereabouts. As you approach the house from the street, the fugitive emerges from the front door, sees you and your partner, and draws a handgun. Both of you take cover behind your car. Drawing your weapon, you yell, “Police! Drop your gun and put your hands up!” The fugitive opens fire and begins to run across the front yard to get away. Turning the corner of the house, the fugitive trips and falls, and you see his weapon fly out of his hand and land in a thick hedge. Regaining his footing, the fugitive runs along the driveway toward the backyard but confronts a six foot-high chain-link fence. He is climbing the fence when your partner yells for him to stop. The suspect ignores the command and keeps climbing.

  36. Felony drug fugitive Shot at officers, but lost his weapon Two officers Given the facts provided, the officer may use one or more of the following: Physical presence Verbal commands Physical control Nonlethal weapon Availability of backup Thick hedge Barriers, fence Neighborhood Possible innocent bystanders LE Scenario 17 You and another officer go to the residence of the ex-wife of a felony drug fugitive who jumped bail, hoping to interview the woman about her former spouse’s whereabouts. As you approach the house from the street, the fugitive emerges from the front door, sees you and your partner, and draws a handgun. Both of you take cover behind your car. Drawing your weapon, you yell, “Police! Drop your gun and put your hands up!” The fugitive opens fire and begins to run across the front yard to get away. Turning the corner of the house, the fugitive trips and falls, and you see his weapon fly out of his hand and land in a thick hedge. Regaining his footing, the fugitive runs along the driveway toward the backyard but confronts a six foot-high chain-link fence. He is climbing the fence when your partner yells for him to stop. The suspect ignores the command and keeps climbing.

  37. What subject factors influence this situation? Physical size? Demeanor? Weapons? Other? What officer factors influence this situation? Physical size? Training? Experience? Other? Physical presence? Use verbal commands? Use physical control? Use nonlethal weapon? Use deadly force? What other factors influence this situation? Is the subject resisting my lawful authority? Is the subject making attacking movements NOT LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? Is the subject making attacking movements LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? What environmental factors influence this situation? Presence of others? Weather? Location? LE Scenario 18 Working a plain clothes assignment, you and your partner respond to a silent alarm at a large chain pharmacy located next to a grocery store. It is late afternoon and raining hard. While en route to the store, dispatch advises that the alarm was canceled, but then less than a minute later, the alarm is triggered again. Arriving, you see a man and an apparently pregnant woman running in different directions from the store entrance, chased by two clerks who are yelling “Help, police!” As you go after the man, who is running stiffly, you see the woman fall; her “pregnancy” is cigarette cartons that spill on the ground. You draw your service weapon and chase the man, who does not heed your commands to stop, but gets into the front passenger seat of a parked car. A male subject is sitting behind the wheel. You lean across the hood and command both men to put their hands up. The passenger instead reaches down below the dashboard, and the driver starts backing out of the parking place.

  38. “Pregnant” woman Two male subjects Fleeing from store where alarm was triggered Noncompliant Unseen hands Two officers Plain clothes Armed with handgun Backup (partner) is occupied with female subject Given the facts provided, the officer may use one or more of the following: Physical presence Verbal commands Physical control Nonlethal weapon No indication of nature of offense No sign that subjects are armed Cigarette cartons Raining hard Late afternoon Crowded retail area LE Scenario 18 Working a plain clothes assignment, you and your partner respond to a silent alarm at a large chain pharmacy located next to a grocery store. It is late afternoon and raining hard. While en route to the store, dispatch advises that the alarm was canceled, but then less than a minute later, the alarm is triggered again. Arriving, you see a man and an apparently pregnant woman running in different directions from the store entrance, chased by two clerks who are yelling “Help, police!” As you go after the man, who is running stiffly, you see the woman fall; her “pregnancy” is cigarette cartons that spill on the ground. You draw your service weapon and chase the man, who does not heed your commands to stop, but gets into the front passenger seat of a parked car. A male subject is sitting behind the wheel. You lean across the hood and command both men to put their hands up. The passenger instead reaches down below the dashboard, and the driver starts backing out of the parking place.

  39. What subject factors influence this situation? Physical size? Demeanor? Weapons? Other? What officer factors influence this situation? Physical size? Training? Experience? Other? Physical presence? Use verbal commands? Use physical control? Use nonlethal weapon? Use deadly force? What other factors influence this situation? Is the subject resisting my lawful authority? Is the subject making attacking movements NOT LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? Is the subject making attacking movements LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? What environmental factors influence this situation? Presence of others? Weather? Location? LE Scenario 19 While on special assignment assisting detectives investigating a fraud case, you drive to a high-crime area to search for a witness in the investigation. You are in plain clothes and driving an unmarked car. The witness has two prior arrests for narcotics violations. After being unable to locate the witness at his residence, you see the witness, a male subject in his early twenties, walking alone on the sidewalk. You stop your vehicle in an attempt to make contact with the witness. You pull your vehicle to the curb, get out, and approach the witness. You call the witness by name and ask him if he has a minute. The witness looks at you and immediately runs the other way. An unknown passerby yells, “Watch it, he’s got a gun!”

  40. One male, early twenties Criminal history Possibly armed One officer Unmarked car Not in uniform Given the facts provided, the officer may use one or more of the following: Physical presence Unknown passerby High-crime area LE Scenario 19 While on special assignment assisting detectives investigating a fraud case, you drive to a high-crime area to search for a witness in the investigation. You are in plain clothes and driving an unmarked car. The witness has two prior arrests for narcotics violations. After being unable to locate the witness at his residence, you see the witness, a male subject in his early twenties, walking alone on the sidewalk. You stop your vehicle in an attempt to make contact with the witness. You pull your vehicle to the curb, get out, and approach the witness. You call the witness by name and ask him if he has a minute. The witness looks at you and immediately runs the other way. An unknown passerby yells, “Watch it, he’s got a gun!”

  41. What subject factors influence this situation? Physical size? Demeanor? Weapons? Other? What officer factors influence this situation? Physical size? Training? Experience? Other? Physical presence? Use verbal commands? Use physical control? Use nonlethal weapon? Use deadly force? What other factors influence this situation? Is the subject resisting my lawful authority? Is the subject making attacking movements NOT LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? Is the subject making attacking movements LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? What environmental factors influence this situation? Presence of others? Weather? Location? LE Scenario 20 You are a 5’7” 150 lb officer who has stopped a male subject for following another car too close. He is between 6’ and 6’2” and approximately 200 lb. In the car with the driver are his wife and two children. While writing the citation, you run FCIC/NCIC and find a local warrant on the driver for passing worthless checks. You go back to the vehicle, tell him to get out of the car, and advise him of the warrant for his arrest for passing worthless checks. He tells you he has taken care of the charge, and he grabs the steering wheel and refuses to let go.

  42. One male About 6’ or 6’2”, 200 lb Noncompliant Outstanding warrant One officer 5’7”, 150 lb Given the facts provided, the officer may use one or more of the following: Physical presence Verbal commands Physical control Nonlethal weapon Wife and children present Roadside Other traffic LE Scenario 20 You are a 5’7” 150 lb officer who has stopped a male subject for following another car too close. He is between 6’ and 6’2” and approximately 200 lb. In the car with the driver are his wife and two children. While writing the citation, you run FCIC/NCIC and find a local warrant on the driver for passing worthless checks. You go back to the vehicle, tell him to get out of the car, and advise him of the warrant for his arrest for passing worthless checks. He tells you he has taken care of the charge, and he grabs the steering wheel and refuses to let go.

  43. What subject factors influence this situation? Physical size? Demeanor? Weapons? Other? What officer factors influence this situation? Physical size? Training? Experience? Other? Physical presence? Use verbal commands? Use physical control? Use nonlethal weapon? Use deadly force? What other factors influence this situation? Is the subject resisting my lawful authority? Is the subject making attacking movements NOT LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? Is the subject making attacking movements LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? What environmental factors influence this situation? Presence of others? Weather? Location? LE Scenario 21 You are assigned to marine patrol in Miami. You just started your shift patrolling in your marked patrol boat. You are approximately two miles off shore and see a high-speed boat headed toward the shoreline. You are close enough to see that the boat is overloaded with passengers. The high-speed boat makes a quick turn and heads for a nearby island. Before the boat comes to a complete stop, the passengers jump off and head to shore. The boat takes off, and you activate your emergency equipment and chase after it. The boat finally stops, and you board the vessel. It is occupied by two male subjects. One jumps under the console, and the second pulls a knife and comes at you. You push this second subject overboard into the water and draw your handgun. The first subject is still under the console, and his hands are out of view.

  44. Two male subjects Armed with a knife Hidden hands One officer Handgun drawn Given the facts provided, the officer may use one or more of the following: Presence Verbal commands Physical control Nonlethal weapon Other unknown subjects on board Subject under console could be reaching for a weapon Subject in water still a threat Availability of backup Open water, 2 miles offshore On boats, unstable/moving with the water LE Scenario 21 You are assigned to marine patrol in Miami. You just started your shift patrolling in your marked patrol boat. You are approximately two miles off shore and see a high-speed boat headed toward the shoreline. You are close enough to see that the boat is overloaded with passengers. The high-speed boat makes a quick turn and heads for a nearby island. Before the boat comes to a complete stop, the passengers jump off and head to shore. The boat takes off, and you activate your emergency equipment and chase after it. The boat finally stops, and you board the vessel. It is occupied by two male subjects. One jumps under the console, and the second pulls a knife and comes at you. You push this second subject overboard into the water and draw your handgun. The first subject is still under the console, and his hands are out of view.

  45. What subject factors influence this situation? Physical size? Demeanor? Weapons? Other? What officer factors influence this situation? Physical size? Training? Experience? Other? Physical presence? Use verbal commands? Use physical control? Use nonlethal weapon? Use deadly force? What other factors influence this situation? Is the subject resisting my lawful authority? Is the subject making attacking movements NOT LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? Is the subject making attacking movements LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? What environmental factors influence this situation? Presence of others? Weather? Location? LE Scenario 22 It is the midnight shift, and you are patrolling I-95 when you see a male subject hitchhiking on the limited access highway. You pull over and stop near the subject, illuminating him with the patrol car's spotlight. You then get out of your vehicle and step toward the subject. You ask him to move off the roadway onto the grassy shoulder. You tell him it is unlawful to hitchhike on a limited access highway. He does not comply and responds in broken speech, indicating that he does not speak English.

  46. Hitchhiking Doesn’t speak English Noncompliant One officer Given the facts provided, the officer may use one or more of the following: Physical presence Verbal commands Physical control Availability of translator Nighttime Interstate highway Traffic LE Scenario 22 It is the midnight shift, and you are patrolling I-95 when you see a male subject hitchhiking on the limited access highway. You pull over and stop near the subject, illuminating him with the patrol car's spotlight. You then get out of your vehicle and step toward the subject. You ask him to move off the roadway onto the grassy shoulder. You tell him it is unlawful to hitchhike on a limited access highway. He does not comply and responds in broken speech, indicating that he does not speak English.

  47. What subject factors influence this situation? Physical size? Demeanor? Weapons? Other? What officer factors influence this situation? Physical size? Training? Experience? Other? Physical presence? Use verbal commands? Use physical control? Use nonlethal weapon? Use deadly force? What other factors influence this situation? Is the subject resisting my lawful authority? Is the subject making attacking movements NOT LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? Is the subject making attacking movements LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? What environmental factors influence this situation? Presence of others? Weather? Location? LE Scenario 23 You are working patrol, and you observe a vehicle run a stop sign. Another unit and a K-9 officer happen to be behind you when you initiate the stop. When you turn on your lights, the vehicle pulls over to the side of the road without a problem. You and the backup officer approach the vehicle, when the K-9 officer calls you from his vehicle on your radio. While the other officer is speaking to the driver who is still in the vehicle, the K-9 officer advises you that the owner of the vehicle is wanted for questioning in a double homicide. You look at the other officer who is speaking to the driver who is still in the vehicle. It is obvious that the other officer did not hear the radio transmission. The driver of the vehicle matches the description of the vehicle owner as provided by dispatch. The driver starts to get out of the vehicle, despite the other officer telling him to stay inside.

  48. One male Person of interest in homicide Three officers K-9 Given the facts provided, the officer may use one or more of the following: Physical presence Verbal commands Physical control On roadway Traffic LE Scenario 23 You are working patrol, and you observe a vehicle run a stop sign. Another unit and a K-9 officer happen to be behind you when you initiate the stop. When you turn on your lights, the vehicle pulls over to the side of the road without a problem. You and the backup officer approach the vehicle, when the K-9 officer calls you from his vehicle on your radio. While the other officer is speaking to the driver who is still in the vehicle, the K-9 officer advises you that the owner of the vehicle is wanted for questioning in a double homicide. You look at the other officer who is speaking to the driver who is still in the vehicle. It is obvious that the other officer did not hear the radio transmission. The driver of the vehicle matches the description of the vehicle owner as provided by dispatch. The driver starts to get out of the vehicle, despite the other officer telling him to stay inside.

  49. What subject factors influence this situation? Physical size? Demeanor? Weapons? Other? What officer factors influence this situation? Physical size? Training? Experience? Other? Physical presence? Use verbal commands? Use physical control? Use nonlethal weapon? Use deadly force? What other factors influence this situation? Is the subject resisting my lawful authority? Is the subject making attacking movements NOT LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? Is the subject making attacking movements LIKELY to cause death or great bodily harm? What environmental factors influence this situation? Presence of others? Weather? Location? LE Scenario 24 Three hours after a hurricane came ashore, you, a female officer with two years experience, are standing guard at the entry to a beach community in which a mandatory evacuation order is in force. A male resident appears and says he is going to check on his house and his pets that were left there during the storm. You advise him that he cannot go into the area that is subject to the emergency evacuation order. When he argues with you and moves toward the community entrance, you grab his arm to stop him. He breaks free and starts running into the evacuation zone.

  50. Male subject Noncompliant Physically resisting Victim of natural disaster Female officer 2 years experience Given the facts provided, the officer may use one or more of the following: Physical presence Verbal commands Physical control Nonlethal weapon Mandatory evacuation order Weather conditions Debris Unknown hazards LE Scenario 24 Three hours after a hurricane came ashore, you, a female officer with two years experience, are standing guard at the entry to a beach community in which a mandatory evacuation order is in force. A male resident appears and says he is going to check on his house and his pets that were left there during the storm. You advise him that he cannot go into the area that is subject to the emergency evacuation order. When he argues with you and moves toward the community entrance, you grab his arm to stop him. He breaks free and starts running into the evacuation zone.

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