Properties of Acids and Bases

1. Properties of Acids and Bases Chapter 8 Section 8.3

2. What is an acid? • An acid is a solution that has an excess of H+ ions. It comes from the Latin word acidus that means "sharp" or "sour". • They produce H+ (as H3O+) ions in water (the hydronium ion is a hydrogen ion attached to a water molecule) • The more H + ions, the more acidic the solution.”

3. Properties of an Acid Lemons Citric Acid Tea Tannic Acid Vinegar Acetic Acid • Tastes Sour • Conduct Electricity • Corrosive:whichmeans they break down certain substances. Many acids can corrode fabric, skin, and paper • Some acids react strongly with metals • Turns blue litmus paper red

4. Litmus Paper • Litmus Paper is an indicator that changes color in the presence of acids and bases. • Litmus is a kind of dye derived from plants called lichens • When blue litmus paper touches an acid, it turns red • When red litmus paper touches an base, it turns blue

5. Uses of Acids • Acetic Acid = Vinegar • Citric Acid = lemons, limes, & oranges. It is in many sour candies such as lemonhead & sour patch. • Ascorbic acid = Vitamin C which your body needs to function. • Sulfuric acid is used in the production of fertilizers, steel, paints, and plastics. • Car batteries

6. What is a base? • A base is a solution that has an excess of OH- ions. • Another word for base is alkali. • Bases are substances that can accept hydrogen ions

7. Properties of a Base • Feel Slippery • Taste Bitter • Corrosive • Can conduct electricity. (Think alkaline batteries.) • Do not react with metals. • Turns red litmus paper blue.

8. Uses of Bases • Bases give soaps, ammonia, and many other cleaning products some of their useful properties. • The OH- ions interact strongly with certain substances, such as dirt and grease. • Chalk and oven cleaner are examples of familiar products that contain bases. • Your blood is a basic solution.

9. Neutralization Reaction • A neutralization reaction is the reaction of an acid with a base to produce salt and water. • Example: H2SO4 + NaOH NaHSO4 + H2O

10. Neutralization Reaction An acid-base mixture is not as acidic or basic as the individual starting solutions.

11. What is a SALT? • A salt is a neutral substance produced from the reaction of an acid and a base. • Composed of the negative ion of an acid and the positive ion of a base. • One of the products of a Neutralization Reaction

12. Salts Each salt listed in this table can be formed by the reaction between an acid and a base.

13. Other Common Salts Barium Chloride – BaCl2 - Fireworks – Green color Potassium Nitrate - KNO3 - Salt Peter – Gun Powder

14. Bronsted-Lowry Theory • In chemistry, the Brønsted–Lowry theory In chemistry, the Brønsted–Lowry theory is an acid-base reaction theory, proposed independently by Johannes Brønstedand Thomas Lowry in 1923. • The fundamental concept of this theory is that an acid is defined as being able to lose, or donate a proton while a base is defined as gaining or “acceptor” of a proton. • Based on the above definitions of acid and bases water can either act as either an acid or base depending on the compound with which it reacts.