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The Great Schism and Church Reform in Late Middle Age Christendom

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Explore the Catholic Crisis of the late Middle Ages, the Great Schism, division of Europe, criticism of the Church, and lay piety & mysticism. Learn about key figures and events that shaped this tumultuous period in Christendom.

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The Great Schism and Church Reform in Late Middle Age Christendom

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  1. The Catholic Crisis Problems and Challenges of Late Middle Age Christendom

  2. Babylonian Captivity (1309-76) • French King (Philip the Fair) convinces Pope to move to Avignon • Popes concentrated on administrative (not spiritual) matters • Lived a life of luxury

  3. Pope Returns to Rome • Gregory XI returns the Church to Rome • Death leads to the election of an Italian, Urban VI • Heavy-handed ways leads to a revolt by cardinals.

  4. The Great Schism • Cardinals elect Clement VII (French) & excommunicate Urban VI • Clement sets up in Avignon; Urban remains in Rome

  5. Division of Europe • France • Scotland • Aragon • Castile • Portugal • England • Holy Roman Empire (loose) • Italian city-states (move to Clement) Allied with Clement Allied with Urban

  6. Damage to the Church • The Schism confused lay people • Opened the Church up to criticism • Weakened its hold on the people

  7. Criticism of the Church William of Occam Marsiglio of Padua John Wyclif Jan Hus

  8. William of Occam & Marsiglio of Padua • Both argue • Separation of church and state • Pope should have limited powers • Church take a back-seat to state • Conciliarists • Power in hands of council, not pope alone

  9. John Wyclif • Bible was the ultimate authority; not pope • Translated Bible to English • “Lollards” spread ideas and Bibles

  10. Jan Hus • Criticized indulgences • Preached in Czech language in Bohemia • Increased Czech nationalism, forced a separation from Catholic church

  11. Council at Pisa (1409) • Attempt to heal schism • Elect a new pope, but other two do not leave • Three popes!!!!

  12. Council at Constance (1414-1418) • Meet to: • End schism • Reform church • End heresy • Execute Hus • End schism by electing new pope (Martin V)

  13. Lay Piety and Mysticism • Confraternities • Groups of lay people who took on the functions of the church • Mysticism • Intense religious feelings • Visions, “experiencing God”, the Holy Spirit, “Born Again”

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