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Internetworking and HTTP

Internetworking and HTTP. Web Application Development. Agenda. Internetworking, Internet Protocol (IP) addresses, protocol data units (PDUs) Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Internetworking. Web Application Development. What is Internetworking?.

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Internetworking and HTTP

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  1. Internetworking and HTTP Web Application Development

  2. Agenda • Internetworking, Internet Protocol (IP) addresses, protocol data units (PDUs) • Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

  3. Internetworking Web Application Development

  4. What is Internetworking? • Literally, internet means “between networks” • A computer network is a collection of electronically programmable devices connected by a communications medium. • An internetwork is a collection of computer networks connected by a communications media. Perhaps the most famous internetwork is the Internet. • Internetworking is the implementation of internetworks.

  5. Why is internetworking important? • It is important for web developers to understand the concept of internetworking for the same reason that it is important for automobile drivers to understand the concept of roads. • The effectiveness of a web application can depend significantly upon the internet implementation upon which the applications run—the capacity of a connection versus the number of users using the connection—just as the duration of a road trip may depend on the roads—the quality of the roads versus the number of other drivers on the roads. • Sometimes underlying internetworking issues must be considered in order to optimize web application performance. In extreme cases, web apps can even be made to function in off-line mode. See video: Taking Your Web Apps Offline

  6. Bus Topology Within a network, computers can communicate directly with each other. Image source: Novell.com

  7. * Network segment is not the same as TCP segment Network Segments* Switches and hubs can be used to increase the number of devices using the same network. • “According to the defining IEEE 802.3 standards for Ethernet, a network segment is an electrical connection between networked devices using a shared medium.” • Source: Wikipedia Hub Switch Image source: CCNA Study Guide (Sixth Edition)

  8. Network devices • Hub • Bridge • Switch (MAC address) • Router (IP address) Other Concepts • Collision Domain • Broadcast Domain Hub Image source: CCNA Study Guide (Sixth Edition)

  9. Collision and broadcast Domains • A hub extends a collision domain. A hub allows more devices to connect to the same port on a switch or router. • A switch extends a broadcast domain. A switch allows more devices to connect to the same port on a switch or router. • A switch breaks up a collision domain. A switch separates sets of MAC addresses. • A router defines separate broadcast domains. A router separates sets of IP addresses.

  10. Routers Internetworking is accomplished using routers. Network 1 Network 2 Image source: Intense School

  11. Routing Tables Network 10.4.0.0 is 2 “hops” from router A Routers maintain routing tables. Image source: Techhive.com

  12. Traceroute You can find the number of hops between two Internet-connected computers. There are 16 hops from my laptop to www.google.com. Visual traceroute: https://www.monitis.com/traceroute/

  13. Routers ignore packet contents Packets of data arrive out of order. It’s up to the receiving computer to reassemble in order. Image source: Slideplayer.com

  14. End-to-end Principle • Internet Protocol (IP) is a connectionless datagram service with no delivery guarantees. • On the internet IP is used for nearly all communications. • End-to-end acknowledgment and retransmission is the responsibility of the connection-oriented Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) which sits on top of IP. • The functional split between IP and TCP exemplifies proper application of the end-to-end principle to transport protocol design. • Source: Wikipedia

  15. Network Layers Ports (TCP) IP addresses (IP) MAC addresses (Ethernet) Image source: Intense School

  16. OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnection OSI Model Image source: CCNA Study Guide (Sixth Edition)

  17. TCP/IP Model Image source: clinetworking.files.wordpress.com

  18. * TCP segment is not the same as Network Segment Protocol Data Unit (PDU) • Protocol Data Units (PDUs), aka datagrams, are discrete portions of communication transmitted over a network. See also: Wikipedia. • HTTP “datagram” • TCP segment* • IP packet • Ethernet frame • Physical bits Image source: CCNA Study Guide (Sixth Edition)

  19. Analogy: Postal Networks Router Image source: Researchgate

  20. HTTP works similarly Example: email Image source: what-when-how.com

  21. HTTP Web Application Development

  22. HTTPRequest-response loop Image source: Slideshare

  23. An HTTP request is an application layer PDU HTTP Request Image source: umbc.edu

  24. HTTP Request Method URL Version Image source: tcpipguide.com

  25. Chrome Devtools

  26. Chrome Devtools – HTTP Headers

  27. Chrome Spy: Examine requests/responses Chrome Spy

  28. Chrome Spy – HTTP headers+

  29. Summary Web Application Development

  30. Now You Know a bit about • Internetworking, Internet Protocol (IP) addresses, protocol data units (PDUs) • Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

  31. THE END • Thank you.

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