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Multithreading Models: Benefits, User and Kernel Threads (100 characters)

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Learn the benefits of multithreading, including responsiveness, resource sharing, economy, and utilization of MP architectures. Explore user and kernel threads, as well as different multithreading models like many-to-one, one-to-one, and many-to-many. Examples from Solaris, Windows, and Java. (500 characters)

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Multithreading Models: Benefits, User and Kernel Threads (100 characters)

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  1. Module 5: Threads • Benefits • User and Kernel Threads • Multithreading Models • Solaris 2 Threads • Java Threads Applied Operating System Concepts

  2. Benefits • Responsiveness • Resource Sharing • Economy • Utilization of MP Architectures Applied Operating System Concepts

  3. Single and Multithreaded Processes Applied Operating System Concepts

  4. User Threads • Thread Management Done by User-Level Threads Library • Examples - POSIX Pthreads - Mach C-threads - Solaris threads Applied Operating System Concepts

  5. Kernel Threads • Supported by the Kernel • Examples - Windows 95/98/NT - Solaris - Digital UNIX Applied Operating System Concepts

  6. Multithreading Models • Many-to-One • One-to-One • Many-to-Many Applied Operating System Concepts

  7. Many-to-One • Many User-Level Threads Mapped to Single Kernel Thread. • Used on Systems That Do Not Support Kernel Threads. Applied Operating System Concepts

  8. Many-to-one Model Applied Operating System Concepts

  9. One-to-One • Each User-Level Thread Maps to Kernel Thread. • Examples - Windows 95/98/NT - OS/2 Applied Operating System Concepts

  10. One-to-one Model Applied Operating System Concepts

  11. Many-to-many Model Applied Operating System Concepts

  12. Solaris 2 Threads Applied Operating System Concepts

  13. Solaris Process Applied Operating System Concepts

  14. Java Threads • Java Threads May be Created by: • Extending Thread class • Implementing the Runnable interface Applied Operating System Concepts

  15. Extending the Thread Class class Worker1 extends Thread { public void run() { System.out.println(“I am a Worker Thread”); } } Applied Operating System Concepts

  16. Creating the Thread public class First { public static void main(String args[]) { Worker runner = new Worker1(); runner.start(); System.out.println(“I am the main thread”); } } Applied Operating System Concepts

  17. The Runnable Interface public interface Runnable { public abstract void run(); } Applied Operating System Concepts

  18. Implementing the Runnable Interface class Worker2 implements Runnable { public void run() { System.out.println(“I am a Worker Thread”); } } Applied Operating System Concepts

  19. Creating the Thread public class Second { public static void main(String args[]) { Runnable runner = new Worker2(); Thread thrd = new Thread(runner); thrd.start(); System.out.println(“I am the main thread”); } } Applied Operating System Concepts

  20. Java Thread Management • suspend() – suspends execution of the currently running thread. • sleep() – puts the currently running thread to sleep for a specified amount of time. • resume() – resumes execution of a suspended thread. • stop() – stops execution of a thread. Applied Operating System Concepts

  21. Java Thread States Applied Operating System Concepts

  22. Producer Consumer Problem public class Server { public Server() { MessageQueue mailBox = new MessageQueue(); Producer producerThread = new Producer(mailBox); Consumer consumerThread = new Consumer(mailBox); producerThread.start(); consumerThread.start(); } public static void main(String args[]) { Server server = new Server(); } } Applied Operating System Concepts

  23. Producer Thread class Producer extends Thread { public Producer(MessageQueue m) { mbox = m; } public void run() { while (true) { // produce an item & enter it into the buffer Date message = new Date(); mbox.send(message); } } private MessageQueue mbox; } Applied Operating System Concepts

  24. Consumer Thread class Consumer extends Thread { public Consumer(MessageQueue m) { mbox = m; } public void run() { while (true) { Date message = (Date)mbox.receive(); if (message != null) // consume the message } } private MessageQueue mbox; } Applied Operating System Concepts

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